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An arjī from Bālāśaṃkara to King Rājendra Vikrama Śāha lamenting overdue support and financial distress (VS 1899)

ID: DNA_0002_0037


Edited and translated by Nirajan Kafle and Rajan Khatiwoda
Created: 2024-09-24; Last modified: 2026-02-27
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Published by Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities: Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal, Heidelberg, Germany, 2025. Published by the courtesy of the National Archives, Kathmandu. The copyright of the facsimile remains with the Nepal Rashtriya Abhilekhalaya (National Archives, Government of Nepal). All use of the digital facsimiles requires prior written permission by the copyright holder. See Terms of Use.
The accompanying edition, translation/synopsis and/or commentary are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License CCby-SA.

Abstract

This letter written by Bālāśaṃkara makes an appeal to King Rājendra regarding overdue salary, unpaid interest on a debt and access to the royal court being blocked by intermediaries.


Diplomatic edition

[1r]

1॥श्री­॥

1श्री­५­सर्कार­
2१­

1श्री­६­राजगुरुजू­
2२­

1नं.­१५४­

1॥स्वस्ति­श्रीगिरिराजचक्रचूडामणिनरनारायणेत्यादिविविधविरुदावलीविरा
2जमानमानोन्नत।श्रीमन्महाराजाधिराजश्रीश्रीश्रीश्रीश्रीमहाराजराजेंद्रविक्रम
3शाहबहादुरशंशेरजंगदेवानां­सदा­समरविजयेषु­।इतः­:भिक्षुक­बालाशंकर
4का­।कोटि­कोटि­शुभाशिषपूर्वक­अर्जीपत्रम्‌­।अत्र­कुशलं­तत्र­श्रीमतां­कुशलं­
5वान्छामि­।उप्राँत­।ग़रीबपरवर­मेरे­।मार्गशिर­।सुदी­९­रोज­१­मे­लिषी­अर्जी़­बन्दे­की­
6¯ ¯१¯के­चरणो­मे­गुज़री­होगी­।बाद­मुलहेज़ा­कर्ने­अर्जी़­के­।बन्दा­।हजू़र­के­चरणो­
7से­क्रिपापूर्वक­।परवरशनामे­का­उम्मैदवार­है­।ष़ाविन्द­मेरे­।२­बरस­६­महीने­का­
8अर्सा­गुज़रा­है­के­।हजू़र­के­[?]र­से­।परवरश़­बन्दे­की­अमल­मे­नहीँ­आई­है­।
9¯ ¯१¯के­भारदार­मुष्त्य़ार­।मेरी­अर्जी़­का­पहोँचनामा­मात्र­भी­नहीँ­इनायत­कर्ते­
10और­¯ ¯१¯के­ष़ज़ाने­से­।रुपया­मेरी­तलब­तनष्व़ाह­का­।माफि़क­दस्तूर­के­।
11नहीँ­इनायत­होता­है­|बिदून­रुपै­के­।बन्दा­हैरान्‌­।और­परेशान्‌­है­।और­बन्दा­
12कमाल­शिद्दत­से­।क़रजदार­होगया­है­।हजू़र­ष़ाविन्दी­की­और­गुर्वा­परवरी­की­
13नज़र­दौलत­से­।मेरे­हाल­को­मुलाहेज़ा­कर्के­।रुपया­मेरी­तलब­तनष्व़ाह­का­।माफि़क­
14हिसाब­दफ्त़र­के­।¯ ¯१¯से­।मेरे­हाल­पर­इनायत­होवे­।ज्य़ादा­अरज़­ये ­है­के­।
15अर्सा­४­बरसका­गुज़रा­है­के­।जमादार­मन्नू­सिंह­।मेजर­रघुबीर­मुलाजिम­¯ ¯१¯के­
16दिल्ली­मे­आराथे­।वक्त­ज़रुरत­के­।¯ ¯२¯की­आज्ञा­बमूजिब­।२०१­रुपया­।उन­लो
17गोँ­को­।बतौर­तमस्सुक­के­।बन्दे­ने­।अपनी­ज़मानत­कर्के­।साहुकार­से­दिलवा­दिये­थे­।
18बाद­३­बरस­के­।२०९­रुपया­।जमादार­मेजर­मज्कूरके­बाबत­का­।¯ ¯१¯से­।मेरे­हाल­
19पर­इनायत­हुवा­था­|सो­|रुपया­।साहू­मज्कूर­को­।मैने­देदिया­था­।८०­रुपया­बाबत­
20ब्याजके­।साहूका­बाकी­रहा ­था­।सो­आज­दिन­तलक­रुपया­बाकी­का­।मेरे­हालपर­
21नहीँ­इनायत­हुवा­है­।साहू­मज्कूर­।इसी­रुपै­के­बाबत­।हर­रोज़­।मेरे­ऊपर­तकाज़ा­
22कर्ता­है­।और­मेरी­हुर्मत­बिगाडता­है­।इस­मुक़द्दमे­मे­।बन्दा­हजू़र­के­दर्बार­से­
23इन्साफ़­का­उम्मैदवार­है­।०।फर्द­३­दिल्ली­के­अष़बार­के­॥शामिल­इसी­अर्जी़­के­
24¯ ¯१¯के­चरणो­मे­हाज़र­कर्ता­हूँ­।सो­मुलाहेजे़­मे­।गुज़रेँ­।बन्दा­।हजू़र­के­चर
25णो­से­।नेक­नज़र­का­।और­परवरश­का­।उम्मैदवार­है­।और­जो­कार­षि़दमत­।
26मेर­लायक­¯ ¯१¯से­।हुकुम­होवे­।सो­माफि़क­बन्दा­बजालावे­।ज्य़ादा­क्या­
27बिन्ती­करूँ­।¯ ¯१¯सर्वज्ञ­हैँ­।जान­अजान­कसूर­माफ़­होवे­।संबत्‌­१८९९­साल­
28मिती­पौष­वदी­६­रोज­६­मुक़ाम­दिल्ली­।शुभम्‌­॥शुभम्‌­॥शुभम्‌­॥-॥-॥-॥-॥-॥

Translation

[1r]

Śrī

Śrī 5 Sarkāra (i.e. King Rājendra) 1

Śrī 6 Rājagurujū1

2

No. 1542

Hail! A letter (arjī) from Bālāśaṃkara with crores and crores of auspicious blessings from here to him who is shining with manifold rows of eulogy [such as] ‘The venerable crest-jewel of the multitude of mountain kings’ and Naranārāyaṇa (i.e. an epithet of Viṣṇu) etc., high in honour, the venerable supreme king of great kings, the fivefold venerable great king, Rājendra Vikrama Śāha, the brave swordsman, the divine king always triumphant in war.

The tidings here are good, and I wish [Your Majesty] good health there. Hereafter (uprānta): O protector of the poor! A letter written to you by your devotee on Sunday, the 9th day of the bright fortnight of Mārgaśīrṣa (i.e. Maṅsira) must have reached the feet of -1- (i.e. Śrī 5 Sarkāra). Upon careful consideration of the letter, this devotee [of yours] is a candidate for [your] gracious support at your feet. Master, it has been 2 years and 9 months since [that] devotee has been waiting for some action from your government (sarkāra), but no support has yet been provided.

The bhāradāras and mukhtyāra of -1- (i.e. Śrī 5 Sarkāra) do not favour me, not even to submit my letter [to you]. Nor do they grant me the salary from the treasury of -1- (i.e. Śrī 5 Sarkāra) in accordance with the customs. Without money, this devotee has become distressed, worried and excessively burdened with debt.

In consideration of my current situation, [may] with your gracious care and rich, nurturing attention my salary kindly be calculated in accordance with office regulations; I appeal to -1- (i.e. Śrī 5 Sarkāra) to extend favour upon me given my circumstances.

My additional request (arja) is that already 4 years have passed since JamādāraMannu Siṃha [and] Major Raghubīra, servants of -1- (i.e. Śrī 5 Sarkāra), came to Delhi. I arranged 201 rupees for them in a time of need from a lender in accordance with an order from -2- (i.e. Śrī 6 Rājaguru), without any loan deed and [with me] standing surety [for them]. After 3 years and considering my condition, 209 rupees were returned to me by -1- (i.e. Śrī 5 Sarkāra) [paid] on behalf of Jamādāra [Mannu Siṃha] and Major [Raghubīra]. I paid out those rupees to the said moneylender.

However, 80 rupees by way of interest remained due to the lender. That remaining amount has not been granted to me until today. For the same amount, The said moneylender daily duns me for this money. And he is ruining my reputation.

In this legal case, this devotee is hopeful of a fair decision from your royal court. I am submitting, attached to this letter, three copies of the Delhi newspaper to the feet of -1- (i.e. Śrī 5 Sarkāra). They may reach you. This devotee is hopeful of your good favour and support.

Furthermore, should there be any work suitable for my services, it would be gratifying to continue receiving [assignments] from -1- (i.e., Śrī 5 Sarkāra). May [your] devotee execute them appropriately. What more can I request of you? -1- (i.e., Śrī 5 Sarkāra) is all-knowing (sarvarjña). May my wrongdoings be forgiven, whether done knowingly or unknowingly.

On Friday, the 6th day of the dark fortnight of Pauṣa, in the Vikrama era year 1899 (1842 CE). From Delhi. Auspiciousness! Auspiciousness! Auspiciousness!


Commentary

This letter, part of a series sent by Bālāśaṃkara to the Nepalese royal court in the 1830s, restates his appeal to King Rājendra for long-overdue support. Following two years and nine months of waiting, it expresses frustration over unpaid salary and access to the king being blocked by intermediaries, resulting in financial distress. The letter also touches on a loan he arranged on behalf of government servants, with interest still unpaid, further complicating his situation. Like other correspondence (DNA_0001_0076, DNA_0002_0039, DNA_0002_0049 and DNA_0003_0025), this letter illustrates the bureaucratic challenges and delays faced by those navigating their way through the royal administration, and offers insight into the political and legal landscape of pre-modern Nepal.


Notes

1. The rājagurus, or royal preceptors, played a key role in the legal and religious administration of the Nepalese court during the pre-modern period. As dharmādhikāras, their primary responsibility was to ensure that legal rulings, particularly concerning caste-based penalties and religious jurisprudence, adhered to the Dharmaśāstra. They acted as spiritual advisors and were entrusted with the administration of expiations (prāyaścitta) and caste rehabilitations (patiyā), particularly for those who had incurred ritual impurity due to offences such as illicit physical contact, commensality with lower castes, or familial transgressions. Importantly, there was often an overlap between the roles of rājagurus and dharmādhikāras, as a rājaguru could simultaneously serve as a dharmādhikāra. In such cases, the rājaguru not only offered spiritual guidance but also held judicial authority in religious and caste matters, acting as both a religious and legal arbiter at court. However, while the dharmādhikāras had a distinct role in granting ritual rehabilitation, significant decisions, particularly in cases of severe offences like capital punishment or permanent degradation, were often subject to royal approval (see Michaels 2005 for a detailed discussion of the topic). []

2. This is the manuscript number inserted by the National Archives for their internal recording purposes. []