Edited and
translated by Nirajan Kafle and Rajan Khatiwoda
Created: 2024-12-13;
Last modified: 2025-11-26
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[1r]
1श्री\1श्रीपरमेश्वरनारायण[1r]
Glorious Parameśvara Nārāyaṇa---2
[Glorious Viṣṇu]---3
Glorious Sun and Moon---4
The youngest (kāṃchā) queen consort of the venerable supreme king of the great kings, fivefold venerable Devarājalakṣmī Devī---11
Yaka Nārāna Tīmīlasīnā from Kaṭuṃjye, Bhādgāũ who inspected the original and signed and stamped this copy, stating that the copy is true to the original.
Signature; Yaka Nārāna Tīmalsīnā [from] Kaṭuṃjye.
Auspiciousness
Hail! Homage to glorious Gaṇeśa. Now in the vernacular language (deśabhāṣā):
In the auspicious (śrī) Śaka era year 1796 and Vikramāditya era year 1931, on the ninth day of the bright fortnight of the month of Kārtika, under the [constellation] Śatabhiṣā and the Vyādhi yoga, on a Wednesday, on this very day: With the aim that all ignorance (ajñāna) and misfortune (ariṣṭa) in this world be removed, and that they attain self-realization (ātmajñāna), and at the time of their death (antakāla) that they may remember -2- (i.e., Glorious Parameśvara Nārāyaṇa) and thereby attain liberation, the venerable middle (text: māhīlā) queen Śīvakumārī (text: Sīvakumārī), the venerable youngest (text: Kāṃchī) queen Mahēśvarīkumāri, and -1- (i.e. venerable Queen Consort Devarājalakṣmī Devī), who were born to a prince from the clan of the sage Kaśyapa (kāśyapagotrīya)—[a prince who shines with manifold rows of eulogies such as] Rūpanārayaṇa—established a gūṭhī, endowing the following plots of land [to it]: | 11 murīs of a paddy field (kheta) at Lahusākhvā under the jurisdiction of Lubhū, | 89 | murīs of a paddy field called Sasāṃbu, [together] totalling 1 || kheta.2 [The purpose of the endowment is] to give 5 Brahmin students the annual crop yield (bālī) and be taught by Brahmins so that, free of worry, they may attain mastery over knowledge. [The endowment was consecrated] by reciting a ritual declarative sentence (saṃkalpavākya) with barley (jau), sesame seeds (tila), kuśa-grass and water—performed by the queens themselves with the venerable king Thaman Bāhādura Sāhī, Cautarīya Vīranārāna Sāhī and Dalbhima Vikram Sāhī as witnesses. From the output of these fields, the 5 Brahmin students shall [yearly] be provided the crop yield, however much it be, and be taught. Paṇḍita Vācaspati Upādhyāya Panta, residing in Kathmandu'sPhasikebaṭola, shall conduct the annual reassignment (parapajanī) of the gūṭhī land.3
He is to provide the Brahmin students, [chosen at] his own discretion, with the yearly crop yield, teach them and maintain (pālanā) the gūṭhī. After his lifetime, his descendants, from generation to generation, are to maintain the gūṭhī as [herein] written. Having stated this, we hereby issue this deed of gift (dānapatra).
Whatever wise person who sustains this gūṭhī in accordance with what is written above will increase in knowledge and wisdom, obtain the grace (sudṛṣṭi) of -2- (i.e., Glorious Parameśvara Nārāyaṇa), and reside in the other world—in the world of -3- (i.e. Glorious Viṣṇu)—for as long as -4- [i.e. the Sun and Moon] remain.
Earth, water, fire, wind, the moon, the sun and Yamarāja (i.e. the god of death) are witnesses to this act.
On Monday, the 30th of the dark fortnight of the month of Bhādra in the [Vikrama] era year 1932 (1876 CE). Auspiciousness.
This certified copy of a deed of gift (dānapatra)4 records that Queen Consort Devarājalakṣmī Devī, Queen Śīvakumārī and Queen Maheśvarīkumarī established a guṭhī to provide education for five Brahmin students in order to foster their spiritual progress. Management of the guṭhī was entrusted to Vācaspati Upādhyāya Panta, along with the responsibility for passing on his knowledge to the following generation. He was tasked with overseeing the annual reconfirmation (parapajanī) of the guṭhī and selecting students for educational support.
The document, in appointing a learned scholar like Vācaspati, underscores the royal elite's commitment to academic rigour and proper management. For all that, such formal education within Nepal is believed to have begun only in the 1850s, and primarily for royalty (Vanta 2024). To be sure, in the 1820s and 1830s the Brahmin Aravindanātha Gajuryāla was sent to Benares for a Sanskrit education by state actors like Lalitatripurasundarī and Bhīmasena Thāpā, but again the aim was to serve the royal court’s needs (Kafle and Khatiwoda 2025, forthcoming). This dānapatra also illustrates how the royal court prepared learned individuals for administrative roles.
Note that this document is edited in Kafle and Khatiwoda 2025: 247–271.