Documenta Nepalica

Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal

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A copy of a rukkā from King Raṇabahādura listing material provided for Navarātra worship (VS 1838)

ID: K_0582_0045

Edited and translated by Astrid Zotter in collaboration with Pabitra Bajracharya
Created: 2021-08-13; Last modified: 2022-06-20
For the metadata of the document, click here

Published by Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities: Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal, Heidelberg, Germany, 2022. Published by the courtesy of the National Archives, Kathmandu. The copyright of the facsimile remains with the Nepal Rashtriya Abhilekhalaya (National Archives, Government of Nepal). All use of the digital facsimiles requires prior written permission by the copyright holder. See Terms of Use.
The accompanying edition, translation/synopsis and/or commentary are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Abstract

The executive order (rukkā) from King Raṇabahādura of which this is a copy lists items to be provided for performing the Navarātra worship of Śrī Bhagavatī of Kaḍelcoka.

Diplomatic edition

[1r]

1स्वस्तिश्रीमन्महाराजाधिराजकस्यरुक्का¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯
2आगे∙¯ ¯ ¯ ¯काथाननवरात्रपूजागर्नाकन∙सामग्रीदिना
3कोफर्द∙वमोजिम्‌तपसील

[table1]

1		पतृकापूजाकेधोति	९
2		वेसपगरिथान	६
3	घटस्थापनाकेभेटिरुपैया	१	छोहरातोला	१०
4	कालरातृकेभेटिरुपैया	१	कलम्‌पताका∙पंचप ताकाकेकपराहात	६
5	घराके∙रुपैयादक्षिणासमते	२॥	कलम्‌पताका∙पंचप ताकाकेकपराहात	६
6	पाठसांग्यमापुस्तक्केभेटरुपैया	.॥.	हात१३कोपगरी	१
7	देवताकेभेटरुपैया	१	अधर्साकोरुमाल	५
8	घडापाचकेधोति	६	चिनितोला	१५
9	गणेसकेधोति	१	ध्वजाकेअतलसहात	६
10	व्राह्मणकेधोति	१	ध्वजाकेधुवाहात	६
11	नवग्रहकेधोति	१	जाइफलगोटा	७
12	वेस्‌सिंदुरतोला	९	दाषतोला	११
13	साज्याकोधूपतोला	६	कपूरतोला	४
14	वातिकेकपराहात	१२	भटमासकुरुव़ा	२
15	कस्तुरीमासा	२	यज्ञवलिकेचाँव़लपाथि	८
16	गोलोचनमासा	२	सालिधानपाथि⟪लावामाना⟫	१०⟪४⟫
17	केसरमासा	२	दालमाना	५
18	लवाँगतोला	२	नव़दिनसम्मपंचामृत
19	नरियलगरि	१	नुनमाना	१४
20	वदामतोला	९	भोट्याधुपमुठा	१
21	सुपारिगोटा	८०	चोषोवोक्या	१०
22	चिहुरापाथि	१०	चोषोरागा	४
23	भुट्याकोचिहुरापाथि	५	हासकोभाल्या	५
24	होमकेघिउमाना	४	हासकोफुल	२०
25	होमकेघिउमाना	४	जउपाथि	१
26	दियावालनाकेतेलमाना	१०	कालोतिलमाना	१
27	सालकोपातभारि	२	केराघरि	१
28	केराकोपातगल्‌था	२	माछामाना	९
29	दक्षिनाकेरूपैयाचीज्‌समेत्‌	२॥	दहिकहत्तरा	९
30	अदुवासेर	१	जोभयाकोफलफुल
31	सुक्‌मेलतोला	६	माटाकोभुडका	६
32	श्रीषंडतोला	१५	माटाकोगाग्रा	८
33	रक्तचंदनतोला	१०	सलिपाला	१००
34	पतृकापुजाकेभेटरुपै	२.	पौव़ालअधर्साथान	२
35	फुलपातिकेधुव़ाहात	१०	रागाकाकंढाकेपिटाहात	८
36	धागोतोला	४०	सुनाकोदृष्टिजोर	२
37	गोकुलधूपतोला	५	सुनाकोफुल	२
38	माटाकोढाला	२	रुपाकोदृष्टिजोर	८
39	माटाकोटापो	२	रुपाकोफुलगोटा	८
40	माटाकोवलिनेवढ	१२
41	दात्याओषरगोटा	१०

4संवत्‌१८३८आश्विनवदि

[table2]

1			पतकाकेअघर्साहात	१
2	पंचसूत्रतोला	१५	अदुव़हाजोर	२०
3			नरिवल	१
4			लालपगरी	५
5			पतकाकेहातषरुव़ा	६

Translation

[1r]

Hail! [This is] an executive order (rukkā) of the supreme king of great kings.1

Āge: The particulars (tapasila) according to the list of what is to be provided as material for performing Navarātra worship (pūjā) [at the] temple of [Śrī Bhagavatī]2 .

[table1-part1]

1		dhotīs for the worship of the [bundle of nine] leaves (patrikā)	9
2		best-quality (besa) turbans	6
3	bheṭī for ghaṭasthāpanā, Rs.	1	dried dates (chohorā), tolās	10
4	bheṭī for kālarātri, Rs.	1	cloth for the flags [in the] kalaśas?3 [and the] five-colour flags (pañcapatākā), hātas	6
5	money for the jar (ghaḍā), together with the sacrificial fee (dakṣiṇā)	2 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]		6
6	bheṭa for the book in the concluding rite (sānge) of the recitation (pāṭha)4	0 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	turban 13 hātas [in length]	1
7	bheṭa for the deity	1 Rs.	handkerchiefs of adharsā5 fabric	5
8	dhotīs for five jars (ghaḍā)	6	sugar, tolās	15
9	dhotī for Gaṇeśa	1	satin (atalasa) for banners (dhvaja), hātas	6
10	dhotī for a Brahmin	1	dhuvā-linen for banners (dhvaja), hātas	6
11	dhotī for the navagraha	1	nutmeg	7
12	best-quality sindūra, tolās	9	grapes, tolās	11
13	sājyā (?)6 incense, tolās	6	camphor, tolās	4
14	cloth for lamps, hātas	12	soya beans, kuruvās	2
15	musk, māsās	2	husked rice for fire sacrifices (yajña) and blood sacrifices (bali), pāthīs	8
16	golocana, māsās	2	unhusked rice,7 pāthīs; [added below the line:] popped rice, mānās	10, [added below the line:] 48
17	kesara powder, māsās	2	lentils, mānās	5
18	cloves, tolās	2	pañcāmṛta for nine days
19	a deshelled coconut (garī)	1	salt, mānās	4
20	almonds, tolās	9	Tibetan incense, bundle	1
21	areca nuts	80	pure he-goats	109
22	beaten rice (ciurā), pāthīs	10	pure buffaloes	4
23	roasted ciurā, pāthīs	5	male ducks	5
24	ghee for fire sacrifices (homa), mānās	4	duck eggs	20
25	ghee for fire sacrifices (homa), mānās	4	barley, pāthī	1
26	oil for lighting lamps, mānās	10	black sesamum, mānā	1
27	leaves of the sāla tree, loads	2	bananas, bunch (gharī)	1
28	banana leaves, bundles (galtho)	2	fish, mānās	9
29	money together with articles for dakṣiṇā	2 Rs., 2 [sukās]	yoghurt, kahatāros	9
30	ginger, sera	1	fruits and flowers, as available
31	green cardamom, tolās	6	small earthen jars (bhũḍko)	6
32	sandalwood (candana),tolās	15	large earthen jars (gāgro)	8
33	raktacandana, tolās	10	saucers (New. sali, Nep. pālā)10	100
34	bheṭa for patrikā worship	2 Rs.	pauvāla adharsā11	2
35	dhuvā-linen for the phūlapātī, hātas	10	ribbon for the necks of the he-buffaloes, hātas	8
36	thread, tolās	40	golden miniature eyes (dṛṣṭi), pairs	2
37	gokuladhūpa, tolās	5	golden flowers	2
38	earthen ḍhālā12	2	silver miniature eyes, pairs	8
39	earthen ṭā̃po vessels	2	silver flowers	8
40	earthen vaḍh13 for lighting	12
41	dātyā14 walnuts	10

The dark fortnight of Āśvina in the [Vikrama] era year 1838 (1781 CE).15

[Added in the left margin:]

[table1-part2]

1			adharsā for flags (patakā for patākā?), hāta	1
2	five-colour thread (pañcasūtra), tolās	15	aduvahā,16 in pairs	20
3			coconut	1
4			red turbans	5
5			kharuvā cloth for flags (patakā for patākā?), hātas	6

Commentary

The document is part of a larger batch, microfilmed from K_0582_0043 to K_0582_0051. Together with similar ones, these documents were first microfilmed between K_0048_0001 and K_0048_0052; the present document was microfilmed as K_0048_0051, but with images hardly readable due to being underexposed.

The documents in these batches concern the goddess called Śrī Bhagavatī whose temple is situated in the Kaḍelcoka of Hanumānḍhokā palace.17 In documents, she is referred to as either "Śrī Bhagavatī of Kaḍelcoka" (kaḍelacokakā śrī bhagavatī, K_0582_0051) or as the Bhagavatī who was brought from Nuwakot to Kathmandu.18

Legends connect her with King Pṛthvīnārāyaṇa's conquest of Nepal. According to a story recorded by G. Unbescheid from a vajrācārya priest at the Manakāmanā temple, a goddess was given to the conquering king by Gorakhnāth at Gorkha foretelling that he would reign undisturbed as long as he kept the goddess with him (Unbescheid 1985: 106–107). The king stopped at Nuwakot and then proceeded to Kathmandu without her. Later he remembered that he was supposed to take her with him and so returned. In the meantime, however, the goddess had already settled down and revealed herself at Nuwakot, so that she could not be moved from there any further. Therefore two goldsmiths, ancestors of the vajrācārya who related the story to Unbescheid, fashioned a replica of the goddess, which the king took to Kathmandu and enshrined at Kaḍelacoka. In another version of the story, Pṛthvīnārāyaṇa had the goddess in his pocket when he conquered Kathmandu and built her a temple some days after the conquest (Vajrācārya VS 2033: 58).19

The first epigraphic references to the presence of the goddess at Kaḍelcoka are two inscriptions on vessels found in the temple and documented by G. Vajrācārya (VS 2033: 263). The vessels were donated by the then crown prince Pratāpa Siṃha Śāha and are dated Saturday, the 8th of the bright fortnight of Pauṣa in VS 1826 (5 January 1770).20 The first document relating to her worship traced so far is a rukkā, issued by the crown prince on Friday, the 10th of the bright fortnight of Caitra in VS 1830 (2 April 1773; K_0582_0048) and referring to rituals connected with the procession of the deity in the month of Vaiśākha.

The first mention of the Navarātra or Dasaĩ rituals of the deity is in documents issued on Wednesday, the 15th of the bright fortnight of Śrāvaṇa in VS 1833 (31 July 1776; DNA_0012_0049, DNA_0012_0052, K_0048_0003). There, however, only the Caite Dasaĩ is treated among the annual rituals for the goddess, the Baḍā Dasaĩ being explicitly excluded.21 The provisions for the Baḍā Dasaĩ rituals were probably directly provided by the court from the same time, around VS 1833 on. Even if an earlier document to that effect has not been traced yet, it seems likely that the present document was not the first list of its kind. There are also follow-up documents to it issued under later kings. In VS 1867 (1810 CE) a similar list was prepared under King Gīrvāṇayuddha, with the new regulation that from then on the items would not be provided in kind, but instead bought with temple revenue (K_0582_0046). A long tapasila listing provisions for all pūjās of the goddess was issued in VS 1947 (1890 CE) and microfilmed from K_0589_0023 to K_0589_0066. Its introductory text (K_0589_0023), unfortunately badly damaged, probably referred to why it was issued. What at least can be grasped from the fragments is that it refers to the earlier document from VS 1867 for the Dasaĩ provisions and to the one from VS 1830, which it calls a syāhāmohara.

Notes

1. From the date of the document, the issuing king must have been Raṇabahādura (r. 1777–1799). [⇑]

2. The present copy does not cover the honorific reference, which must have stood in the space above the main text in the original lālamohara. As it is found in a batch of documents referring to the guṭhī and the worship of the Bhagavatī of Kaḍelacoka (see Commentary), in all likelihood it read "Śrī Bhagavatī," an honorific reference found, for instance, at the top of K_0582_0051. [⇑]

3. The text clearly has kalam in this place, which does not make sense. Was kalas the word intended here? If so, the small flags that are stuck into kalaśas in some rituals might be meant here, or else a flag with a water pot as its insignia. The item is not listed in the later document from VS 1867 (K_0582_0046). [⇑]

4. The book meant here would probably be that containing the Caṇḍī, which is the main text recited during the Navarātra. [⇑]

5. The meaning of this term is unclear. It probably refers to the type of fabric, and reappears at several places throughout the document. In another list of pūjā items the term is spelled adharasā (K_0120_0024). [⇑]

6. It is unclear what sājyā (or sāje) denotes. Is it related to sāja, the Indian laurel (Terminalia elliptica Willd.)? This tree is known to be used for timber, producing charcoal, fodder and medicine, but not as an ingredient of incense (Manandhar 2002: 451–452). [⇑]

7. Sālīdhāna or śālīdhānya denotes a special type of rice. [⇑]

8. This latter number refers to the amount of popped rice, which has been added in between two lines of the table. [⇑]

9. The reading of the numeral 1 is unclear. It is confirmed by the later list (K_0582_0046). [⇑]

10. Apparently both the Newari and the Nepali terms are used here side by side to denote the small earthen saucers that are used as oil-fed lamps with cotton wicks or as vessels for sipping alcohol in Newar rituals; for New. sali, see Kölver and Shresthacharya 1994: s.v. salī, Malla et al. 2000: s.v. saliṃca). [⇑]

11. Like adharsā, which may denote a type of fabric (see above), the word pauvāla, too, is unclear. [⇑]

12. The term ḍhālā (or ṭ/ṭhālā?) is unclear. It probably denotes some kind of vessel. [⇑]

13. The term is unclear, in both its meaning and spelling. As its first akṣara is partly covered by a fold in the paper, it may also read naḍh, taḍh or caḍh. None of these yields a suitable reading. If bhā̃ḍo, “vessel”, was the word intended here, the variation in spelling is very pronounced. [⇑]

14. This term—probably an attribute of okhara—is unclear. It recurs in the same spelling in the later list from VS 1867 (K_0582_0046). [⇑]

15. The date is incomplete. This is perhaps due to the document having been copied. [⇑]

16. The term is unclear. [⇑]

17. For the temple, the goddess, her regular and annual worship, her varṣabandhana on the full moon day of Vaiśākha, and her procession to Nuwakot and back, see G. Vajrācārya VS 2033: 57–60, 156–157. [⇑]

18. DNA_0012_0049 refers to her as "fivefold venerable Bhagavatījyu brought from Navākoṭa to Kāṃtipura" (navākoṭavāṭa kāṃtipūramahā̃ lyāyākā śrī 5 bhagavatījyu). [⇑]

19. G. Vajrācārya refers to chronicles as the source of this story, but so far I have not been able to trace it in such texts. [⇑]

20. Strangely, though, in these inscriptions Pratāpa Siṃha is already called a king. The two parallel inscriptions describe the donor as pṛthvīnārāyaṇātmajapratāpasiṃhanṛpatiḥ, "King Pratāpa Siṃha, son of Pṛthvīnārāyaṇa". The document from VS 1830 (see below), however, clearly refers to him as yuvarāja, the crown prince (svasti śrīmanmahārājādhirājakumārayuvarājakasya rukkā; K_0582_0048). It seems remarkable that none of these early records stem from Pṛthvīnārāyaṇa, who alledgedly introduced the deity, but from his son. [⇑]

21. DNA_0012_0052 ennumerates the "Baḍā Dasaiṃ of the month of Āśvina" (āśviṇa mainhāko baḍā dasaĩ) together with a number of other regular obligations in the operation of the temple (e.g. the repair of the temple or the lighting of lamps) that are excluded from its listing of occasions for regular and occasional worship to be financed from the income of the guṭhi. [⇑]

Glossary

Word	Notes
āge	[fr. S. agre] adv. lit. "henceforeward" (Riccardi 1976: 150 n. 6), especially used in administrative and legal documents to mark the beginning of a text or paragraph. In its function it is similar to uprānta.
bheṭī	var. bheṭa, bheṭi; n. money, often in the form of coins, offered to deities or revered persons.
bhũḍko	n. small earthen vessel, jar, smaller than a gāgro.
caite dasaĩ	var. caityā dasai, caitra dasai, caitrā dasai; n. festival to worship the goddess Durgā as slayer of the buffalo demon, held in the bright half of the spring month of Caitra. Cf. dasaĩ / daśaĩ.
candana	[S.] also known as śrīkhaṇḍa; n. 1) sandalwood (Santalum album L.). 2) ointment (anulepana) offered as one of the upacāras in worship.
caṇḍī	[S.] n. 1) "the fierce one," name for a goddess, often for Durgā. 2) also (Durgā)saptaśatī; recitational form of the Devīmāhātmya, popularly recited on occasion of the Dasaĩ festival.
chohorā	var. choharā, chohārā; n. 1) date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). 2) dried date.
ciurā	[fr. S. cipiṭa / cipuṭa?] var. cihurā; n. beaten rice, rice flakes.
dakṣiṇā	[S.] var. dachiṇa, dachīnā, dachenā; sacrificial fee or wage paid to the priest at the end of a ritual.
dasaĩ / daśaĩ	[fr. S. daśāha] var. dasai; n. festival to worship the goddess Durgā as slayer of the buffalo demon, held over the bright half of the autumn month of Āśvina (baḍā dasaĩ) and, on a smaller scale, over the bright half of the spring month of Caitra (caite dasaĩ).
dhotī	[fr. S.] n. 1) rectangular piece of unstitched cloth wordn around the lower body, usually one end of which passes between the legs and is tucked in behind. 2) a cotton sari.
dhuvā	n. a particular kind of fine linen.
dṛṣṭi	[S.] var. diṣṭī; n. miniature eye used in rituals made of thin metal plate (Malla et al. 2000: s.v. diṣṭi).
gāgro	[fr. S. gargarī] n. large earthenware water vessel, jar.
galtho	n. a big bundle of grass or weed.
garī	var. gari; n. a deshelled coconut, pieces of coconut flesh.
ghaḍā	[S.] var. gharā; n. water vessel, jar, usually bigger than a kalaśa.
gharī	var. ghari; n. a bunch of bananas, consisting of several hands (kā̃giyā / kāī̃yo).
ghaṭasthāpana	[S.] n. lit. "setting up the jar", a ritual that marks the beginning of the Navarātra festival.
gokuladhūpa	[fr. S. gugguladhūpa] var. gokuladhupa, guguladhupa; n. bdellium incense, resin from the Indian bdellium-tree (Commiphora wightii [Arn.] Bhandari).
golocana	[S.] var. gaulocana; n. substance emitted through the mouth of a cow; bright yellow orpiment prepared from the bile of cattle.
guṭha / guṭhi / guṭhī	[fr. S. goṣṭhī] var. guṭh, guthi; n. 1) a socio-religious organization that manages and finances religious and charitable functions, a trust. 2) “endowed lands or other sources of revenue for financing religious and charitable functions“ (M.R. Pant 2002: 132; cf. M.C. Regmi 1988: 267).
hāta	n. measurement of length equal to 24 aṅgulas or half a gaja.
kahatāro	var. kahaṭāro, kahattaro; n. earthen vessel in which yoghurt is kept.
kālarātri	[S.] n. lit. "the black night"; time of transition between Mahāṣṭamī and Mahānavamī, which occasions special worship and the major Dasaĩ sacrifices.
kalaśa	[S.] var. kalasa; n. water vessel, jar, usually smaller than a ghaḍā.
keśara / kesara	[S.] n. 1) the filament or stigma of a flower; 2) saffron crocus (Crocus sativus L.); 3) saffron- or yellow-colored powder used in rituals as ointment.
kharuvā	var. khaḍuvā, kharūvā; n. coarse red cotton cloth.
kumārī coka	n. office with the function of looking after audit and accounts and acting as a court of law for revenue (Whelpton 1991: 215; “Audit office“ (Krauskopff and Meyer 2000: 184 ; cf. Kumari Chok: Kumar 1967: 166 ); Kumari Chowk: "The Kumari Chowk is the General Office of account for the whole kingdom where all accounts of collections and contractors must be examined and passed, a fee of 5 rupees being taken for every Rs. 1000 of Bahi or Books so examined. The Kousi recommends the collector or contractor and is answerable for him. The Kumari Chowk merely takes his accounts; and those also of all great servants of the govt…(A)ll other lands (except those assigned as khangi) and revenues are accounted for once per annum in the Kumari Chowk (although) the Collector or Thekdar may pass 2 or 3 years without offering or being compelled to account; but when anyone does account it is to the Kumari Chowk and usually once per annum or sooner if (the collector) is ejected or changed. Bali (crops) that is not assigned as Khua and Khangi (emoluments) is called Ukas; also Sera or demesnes is accounted for in Kumari Chowk. Also all customs and excise ... (and accounts from the) mines, Hattisar, Kath Mahal, the Terai in all branches of receipts and charge, and in a word, the whole income and expenses of the Kingdom save Khua and Khangi or assignments in lieu of salary and pay. For (about) the last twenty years, the Kumari Chowk has exercised judicial functions like the other courts of the capital and with like powers civil and criminal. There is a separate hall for the Judicial corps ... (This Adalat) is for the investigation of revenue and quasi revenue cases… Of the general tax or fee of 5 (rupees) per 1000 on accounts passed, half goes to government and the other half in fixed proportions to the officers of the (office) down to the jamadars. Besides this, 5 rupees on each contractor's or collectors's total affairs are payable to the nousindas.“ (Edwards 1975: 111-112 )
kuruvā	var. kurvā; 1) n. volumetric unit equivalent to two mānās, or 20 muṭhīs. 2) a brazen vessel for measuring two mānās.
lālamohara	var. lālmohara, lālamohar, lālmohora; abbreviated mohara; n. royal document bearing the red seal.
māsā	var. māśā; n. a measure of weight, equaling 1/10th or 1/12th of a tolā according to Rāma Śāha's edict (MA-KM 2022: 695) or 1/12th of a tolā in other sources (McGregor 1993 sv. māśā).
navagraha	[S.] var. naugratha; n. lit. "the nine seizers", the nine heavenly bodies and deities, i.e. Sun (Sūrya), Moon (Candra), Mars (Maṅgala), Mercury (Budha), Jupiter (Bṛhaspati), Venus (Śukra), Saturn (Śani), the ascending (Rahu) and descending (Ketu) nodes of the moon.
navarātra / navarātri / navarātrī	[S.] var. naurātrī; n. lit. "nine nights", period of nine lunar days on which goddess Durgā is worshipped; Dasaĩ.
pālā	n. small shallow earthen vessel, saucer that can serve as an oil-fed lamp or as a cup for sipping alcohol in a ritual context.
pañcāmṛta	[S.] n. the "five nectars of immortality"; a mixture of milk, yoghurt, ghee, honey and sugar.
pañcapatākā	[S.] n. lit. "the five flags", set of small flags in five different colors used in Newar rituals.
pañcasūtra	[S.] thread made of strings of five different colours, used in rituals (New. pasūkā).
pāṭha	[S.] n. recitation of a text in a ritual context.
patrikā	[S.] also known as navapatrikā; n. a set of nine plants worshipped during the Baḍā Dasaĩ festival and introduced into the worship arena on the seventh day of the bright fortnight of Āśvina; see also phūlapātī.
phūlapātī	[fr. S. phulla + patra] n. lit. "flowers and leaves", 1) a set of plants worshipped during the Baḍā Dasaĩ festival and introduced into the worship arena on the seventh day of the bright fortnight of Āśvina. 2) the seventh day of the Baḍā Dasaĩ festival; see also patrikā.
pūjā	[S.] var. pujā; n. 1) worship, honour. 2) formal worship ritual of a revered being with offerings.
raktacandana	[S.] var. raktacaṃdhana; n. red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.).
rukkā	[fr. A. ruq'a] n. an executive order, short note, missive from the highest authority. The king, the crown prince, but also queens and the Rāṇā prime ministers issued rukkās.
sāja	n. Indian laurel (Terminalia elliptica Willd.), a large deciduous tree used for timber, producing charcoal, fodder and medicine (Manandhar 2002: 451–452).
sāla	n. the tree Shorea robusta Roth the leaves of which are used for making single-use plates and vessels.
sāṅge	var. sāṃge, sāṃgya; n. conclusion of rituals; ritual performed for concluding a ritual complex as e.g. a festival, observance or recital of a text.
sera	n. measure of weight (approx. 933 grams) with one sera comprising 80 tolās
sindūra	[S.] var. sindura, sīṃdura, sīṃdhura; n. red powder used in rituals and applied to the parting of a married woman.
śrī	[S.] n. word of blessing, can be used as apprecatio, in which case it means 'good fortune' (Pant and Pierce 1989: 12), can be used as a prefix to names of persons and gods, in which case it means 'venerable' or 'glorious' respectively. The number of śrīs used varies, depending on context.
sukā	n. monetary unit worth one fourth of a rupee, i.e. half of a silver mohara, and comprising four ānās; in documents the second of the four usual monetary fractions of the system based on the rupee, usually represented by either the avagraha-shaped sign for zero or one to three daṇḍas.
syāhāmohara	n. 1) seal of government offices. 2) royal document from the Sen kings (and other local kings) bearing a black seal (Krauskopff and Meyer 2000: 185; Michael 2012: 134).
tapasila	[fr. A.] var. tapasīl, tapasīlā, tapsīl; n. particulars, details; can be a self-sustained document, but is more often appended as a list after the narratio of documents.
tā̃po	n. a small vessel used for drinking water with a small neck and belly looking like a small gāgrī, a kind of karuvā.
tolā	n. a unit of weight and standard measure for gold and silver comprising of 100 or 96 rati, 10 or 12 māsās and being 1/80th of a sera; the actual weight differed according to place and time, as weight of the Bombay or Sicca Rupee between 11.599–11.642; as standardised in 1833 in British India as 180 troy grains (11.663 8038 grams).
vajrācārya	[S.] n. lit. "master of the vajra"; sub-caste among the Newars who are elligible to receiving the highest initiations in Newar Buddhism and to officiate as domestic priests and gurus.
varṣabandhana	[S.] n. annual worship ritual commemorating the day of a deity's consecration; also New. busādhã.

Bibliography

Kölver, Ulrike and Iswarananda Shresthacarya. 1994. A Dictionary of Contemporary Newari: Newari – English. Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.
Malla, Kamal P. et al. (eds.). 2000. A Dictionary of Classical Newari: Compiled from Manuscript Sources. Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Dictionary Committee.
Unbescheid, Günter. 1985. "Blood and Milk or the Manifestations of the Goddess Manakāmanā." Journal of the Nepal Research Centre 7: 95–135.
Vajrācārya, Gautamavajra. VS 2033. Hanūmānḍhokā Rājadarabāra. Kathmandu: CNAS.