A copy of a set of directives re hulāka stations in areas between the Vāgmatī and Vijayapura (VS 1871)
ID: RRC_0041_0569
Edited and
translated by Manik Bajracharya
in collaboration with
Pabitra Bajracharya
Created: 2019-08-02;
Last modified: 2020-05-05
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Abstract
The document, of which this is a copy, addressed to Najīkī Sanmāna Siṃ, contains a set of directives concerning the regularization of hulāka stations in the eastern part of Nepal, from the Vāgmatī River in Kathmandu to Vijayapura in the east.Diplomatic edition
[556]
1हुलाकवसालन्यासव़ाल1१८२आगेनजीकीसनमांसींकेवागमतीपुर्वविजैपुर2पस्चींजगाजगामाजाईगर्न्याकाजकोसव़ालगरीवक्
3स्यौंसव़ालवमोजींकोकाजगर्दाकसैकोमोलाहीजामान
4परीहाम्रानीमककोसोझोचीताईगरीलाय़ाकोकाज
5मातपरभैगर¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
6तपसील
7प्रथमसव़ाल / वागमतीपुर्वविजैपुरपस्चींचीठीपत्र
8काहुलाक२/३कोसकोफरकगरीहुलाकवसाउनु
9हुलाकीलाईसाउंन्य़ाफागुकोआधावेठवेगारघर
10वारीकोसेर्मारुपैञा१सम्ममाफगरीहुलाकीलेकमा
11य़ाकोषेतकुतअधीञानषोसनुभनीसाउंन्य़ाफागु
12आधातीर्न्यास्मेतमाफगरीकुतअधीञाषेतघ
13र१के मुरीकमाउनुगरीवंधेजवाधीवक्स्यौंहु
14लाकीकोनाउंघरकुतअधीञाषेतस्मेतकोवेव़
[557]
15राघालीये़काहुलाकमाघर१६वसाईजगाअ
16नुसारव़ाजषाममीलाईरुक्कालेषीहाम्राह
17जुरचर्हाईपठाउनुमोहरगरीवक्सीपठाउला१
18दोश्रासव़ाल /वीजैपुरपस्चींवागमतीपुर्वजगाजगामा
19मुलरास्ताकाचल्दोमील्दोगरीभारीकाहुलाक
20वोकनालाई∙दीं१कोवाटामाचारजगामाहुला
21कराषनुये़कजगाकाहुलाकमाघर१२राषीजगा
22जगामाराष्य़ाकाभारिवोकनेहुलाकीकोसाउंन्य़ा
23फागुउघाउनीपघाउनीझारावेठवेगारमाफगरी
24वक्स्य़ाकोछताहाव़ाजषांमीलाईवंदोवस्तग
25रीरुक्कालेषीहाम्राहजुर्माहजुरचढाईपठा
26उनुमोहरगरीवक्सीपठाउला¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ २
27तेश्रोसवाल /हुलाककाभारिवोकदाञाहावाट
28जान्य़ापुर्ववाटआउन्य़ाजंगीकांकोरवेरामीतो
29डावाहीकवीनालालमोहररजर्णेलभींसीं
[558]
30थापाकोदस्षतहुलाकचलाईदेउभंन्य़ानदेषी
31गुरूप्रोहीतचौतरीय़ाकाजीसर्दारसुवासुवेदारज
32मादारसीपाहीचारवर्णछतीसैजातकसैकोभा
33रीनवोकनुय़ोभारीदर्वारकोहोभनीढाटीकसैले
34हुलाकचलायोभन्याआलमालमानीसस्मेतपक्री
35हाम्राहजुरमावींतीगरीपठाउनुहुकुंगय़ावमोजींगर्नु
36भनीउर्दीसवैलाईसुनाईदीनु¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯३
37चौथासव़ाल /चीठीपत्रकोकागत्य़ाहुलाकीरभा
38रीवोकन्य़ाहुलाकीलाईवंधेजवाँधीवकस्य़ाकामोह
39रवमोजींमाकसैलेवीथीतीगरीजवरदस्तीअंन्य़ा
40य़गर्य़ोभन्य़ातेसमानीसलाईपक्रीहाम्राहजुर
41विंतीगरीपठाउनु¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯४
42पाचौसव़ाल /जगाजगाकागढीकील्लावंन्य़ानवंन्य़ा
43हेर्नुकुर्हन्य़ामानीसवस्य़ानवस्य़ाकोजाचनुनव
44न्य़ाकावीगर्य़ाकोभय़ावनाउनाकोताकीतीगर्नु
45सोकैफीये़तहाम्राहजुरवींतीगरीपठाउनु¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯५
[559]
46छैटौसव़ाल /जगाजगाकोमुलवाटोतारघाट्
47हेर्नुवीगर्य़ाकोरनवन्य़ाकाठाउमाउसजगाको
48भारादारअमालीदारलाईषैगरीवनाउन
49लाउनुवनाय़ाकोरनवनाय़ाकोवीस्तारवींती
50गरीपठाउनु¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯६
51सातौंसव़ाल /वाटाकाजगाजगाकागाउमाआउन्य़ा
52जान्य़ाकोवीद्दतलेउठ्य़ाकागाउकुरीय़ालाईतस
53ल्लहगरीझीकाईवसाउनुजगाजगामारह्य़ाका
54भाराकंपनीअमालीलाईरास्ताकागाउमादर्वार
55कोकाजलेहाम्राहुकुंवाहीकआउन्य़ाजान्य़ामा
56नीसहेरुलेआफ्नाभारीवेगारीवैकरकोटंटा
57लाउननदीनुभनीउर्दीसुनाईदीनुऔ∙ये़ससव़ा
58लवमोजींगर्य़ाकाकाजकोये़कफर्दसाफगरीतै
59लेराषनुये़कफर्दसाफगरीहाम्राहजुरचढा
60ईपठाउनु¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯७
61आठौसव़ाल /जगाजगाकाकंपनीकोहाजीरी
[560]
62लीनुहाजीरीलीदारैवंदीवमोजींनालज्ञाजीमाजुं
63कंपनीमाजतीभर्नाभय़ाकोछैनषेत१कोरुपैञा२५
64कोदर्लेभारासुवेदारजस्कातैनाथीछउसैसंगभ
65रीलीनु¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯ ८
66नौमासव़ाल /ञाहादर्वारवाटजान्य़ाचीठीपत्र
67रनागरीचैंपुरवीजैपुरवाटआउन्याजंगीकांकोषर
68षजानातोपवंदुकगोलीपत्थरवारूदजस्काअमाल
69माअटकंछअट्काउन्यालाईदंडगर्नु¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯९
70दसौसव़ाल /हुलाकीकाघरलाईकुतअधिञा
71षेतदिदाअमालीस्मेतराषीये़कषेतदेषीउंधो
72रचालीसमुरीदेषीउंभोजाहांहेरीरैवंदीगरीदीनु
73औये़कदीनकोवाटामाचारजगामाभारीवोकन्य़ा
74हुलाकराषनुभनीसव़ालमाचढ्य़ाकोछतसर्थ
75तीमीहेरुलेजगाजगाजाँचीलामोवासरछोटोवास
76जगाअनुसारये़कदींकोवाटोमाभारीकोचारहुला
[561]
77कदेषीउंधोदुईहुलाकदेषीउंभोवाजफषाम
78मीलाईहुलाकराषीरुक्कालेषीचर्हाईपठाउ
79नुमोहरगरीवक्सीपठाउला¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯१०
80ये़गार्हौसव़ाल /कागत्याहुलाककोवंदोव
81स्तगर्दाये़कघरकोसेर्मारुपैञाये़कसम्ममाफ
82गरीरुक्कालेषीचर्हाईपठाउनुमोहरगरीवक्सी
83पठाउला¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯११
84१८७१सालवैसाषसुदी१३रोज२शुभ्म्
Translation
[556]
Directives regarding the establishment of hulāka-posts.
1821
Āge: To Najīkī Sanmāṃ Siṃ
We have issued [this set of] directives concerning tasks to be carried out at different locations east of the Vāgmatī [River] and the west of Vijayapura. When carrying out the tasks as mentioned in the ordinance, be true to our salt, and perform the assigned duties promptly without showing favouritism to anyone.
Particulars:
First directive: Establish hulāka-posts for the transport of mail [within the area] east of the Vāgmatī and west of Vijayapura at intervals of 2 to 3 kośas. Our [earlier] order states: "Hulākī porters shall be exempted from half of the sāune-phāgu [levy], from beṭha and begāra [labour obligations], and up to 1 rupee of the sermā [levy] on homesteads. Do not confiscate paddy fields or fields cultivated by hulākīs under the kuta or adhiyā [system of tenancy]." We have made arrangements for them to be exempted from [the remaining] half of the sāune-phāgu [levy], and for each household to earn ...2 murīs from paddy fields [cultivated under] the kuta or adhiyā [system].
[557]
Prepare a detailed [report] containing the names of the hulākīs, their houses, and the paddy fields [cultivated by them under] the kuta or adhiyā [system]. Assign 16 hulākī families to each hulāka-post and prepare an estimate (vājakhāma) [of revenue] according to the [type of] land. Draft a rukkā and dispatch it to us. We will send [it back to you] after affixing the royal seal (mohara) --- 1.Second directive: In order to transport properly the loads [of goods,] put the main route in shape from place to place west of Vijayapura and east of the Vāgmatī, and set up 4 hulāka-posts over a distance of each day's journey. Assign 12 families to each hulāka-post. [The king] has exempted load-transporting hulākīs employed from place to place from the following [obligations and levies]: sāune-phāgu, ughāunī-paghāunī, jhārā, beṭha and begāra. Prepare an estimate and put things in order. Draft a rukkā and send it to us. We will send it [back] after affixing the royal seal --- 2.
Third directive: Regarding the carrying of loads—excluding loads going from here or coming from the east relating to military purposes, sick persons and money bags (toḍā)—without seeing a lālamohara or a document signed by General Bhīṃsīṃ Thāpā
[558]
with an order to transport the loads, do not carry anyone else's loads including those of [guru-]priests, cautarīyās, kājīs, sardāras, subbās, subedāras, jmādāras, sipāhīs, or [members] of the four caste-classes (varṇa) and thirty-six castes (jāta). If someone has loads transported, stating falsely that the loads belong to the palace, detain the man along with his luggage and report [the matter] to us. Instruct everyone to act as ordered --- 3.Fourth directive: If anyone in disregard of the arrangements made [by us] regarding the mail-transporting kāgatyā-hulākīs or the load-transporting hulākīs coerces or causes injustice to them, detain that man and report [the matter] to us --- 4.
Fifth directive: Check whether or not forts and fortresses have been built at various places. Find out whether they are properly manned. If they have not been built or are in disrepair, apply pressure to have them built or repaired. Send a report about this to us --- 5.
[559]
Sixth directive: Inspect main routes and the river crossings (tāraghāṭa). At places where they are broken down or need to be repaired, admonish the local bhārādāras or amālīdāras to have them repaired. Send [us] details of whether they have been repaired or not --- 6.
Seventh directive: At villages at places along the [hulāka] route which are deserted due to oppression caused by passersby, solace tenants from the villages and have them [re]settled there. Have bhārādāras, [military] companies and amālīs of the various places informed of our order: "Except for those travelling on palace business or by our orders, people travelling through villages on the route shall not be allowed to cause trouble [to villagers] by having them carry loads for free (begārī), or by demanding free provisions (baikara)." Get a report of action taken according to this regulation, keep one copy for yourself, and send another copy to us --- 7.
[560]
Eighth directive: Take attendance at [military] companies at different places. When doing so, collect from the bhārādāra or subedāra on duty whatever [revenue] has not been paid up in companies …3 in accordance with raibandī [system], at the rate of 25 rupees per kheta --- 8.
Ninth directive: If mail and military supplies [including] cannons, guns, bullets, flint and gunpowder dispatched from the palace or coming from Nāgarī, Cainapura and Vijayapura are obstructed, the person exercising jurisdiction over the place shall punish the obstructer --- 9.
Tenth directive: When providing paddy fields to hulākī households on a kuta or adhiyā [tenure basis], distribute them in the presence of the [local] amālī: [to each household] land between forty muris and one kheta (i.e., 100 murīs) according to the size of the family. It is stated in the [above] directive that for a distance of one day's journey there should be four hulāka-posts for transportation of loads. Therefore, after checking the remoteness of the terrain, and estimating according to whether long or short rest stops [are necessary,] establish between two and four hulāka-posts for a one day's journey. Prepare a rukkā accordingly and send it to us. We will send [it back to you] after affixing the royal seal --- 10.
Eleventh directive: When making arrangements for mail-transporting hulāka-posts, prepare [a draft of] a rukkā granting a maximum exemption of one rupee per household from the sermā [levy]. We will send it [back to you] after affixing the royal seal --- 11.
Monday, the 13th of the bright fortnight of Vaiśākha in [the Vikrama era year] 1871 (1814 CE).
Commentary
This copy of a royal order, issued to Najikī Sanmāna Siṃ, contains eleven directives regarding the organization of the mail- and load-relaying hulāka-posts in the eastern part of Nepal. Found in Regmi Research Collection volume 41, it lacks the original praśasti of the issuing king. However, from the date it is clear that it was issued by King Gīrvāṇayuddha Vikrama Śāha, probably together with General Bhīmasena Thāpā. A document similar to this one was issued five years earlier in 1866 regarding the organization of hulāka-posts for the western part of Nepal; see RRC_0006_1015 and RRC_0040_0044. Several of the directives in this document, including the number of hulāka-posts to be established in each area, the exemption of hulākī porters from different levies and the benefits provided to them, are similar to the earlier ones. The Vijayapura mentioned in this document probably lies in present-day Dharan.