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A letter from Nehā Girī to Rāya Bhāratī and Kubera Bhāratī asserting his commitment to common benefit of their Tibetan trade firm (NS 867)

ID: PCCHA_0001_0080


Edited by Pabitra Bajracharya, Rajendra Shakya and Kashinath Tamot in collaboration with Chaaru Jain
Created: 2025-05-22; Last modified: 2026-11-10
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Published by Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities: Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal, Heidelberg, Germany, 2026. Published by the courtesy of the National Archives, Kathmandu. The copyright of the facsimile remains with the Nepal Rashtriya Abhilekhalaya (National Archives, Government of Nepal). All use of the digital facsimiles requires prior written permission by the copyright holder. See Terms of Use.
The accompanying edition, translation/synopsis and/or commentary are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License CCby-SA.

Abstract

Sent from Shigatse in NS 867 (1747 CE), this letter from Nehā Girī to Mahanta Rāya Bhāratī and Kubera Bhāratī in Patan addresses ongoing financial and operational matters within their cross-Himalayan trade network. Girī details the settlement of an urgent account with Budhisiṅa in Kuti, for which he dispatched corals, shawls, and brocades to cover the balance. Reassuring Rāya Bhāratī regarding the profits from coral sales, Girī affirms his dedication to joint partnership and the equitable sharing of gains and losses.


Diplomatic edition

[1r]

1᠀­श्री­३­भिर्म्मस्यन­साहाय:­॥

1᠀­शुभ­॥कुसर­वात­विचार­याङहया­˴श्री­म⟪ह⟫न्त­राय­भाथि­जिको­कुवेर­
2भाथि­जिको­थन­गुसाहि­निहा­गीरिया­भाखान­नमोनारायन­जु
3रो­थन­जि­फया­ख­˴अमकन­˴छिस्कर­कुसर­जुओ­मखु­रा­˴विचा
4र­ख­थुति­˴पुनभाखा­˴छिन­विसेहया­प्रति­पु­१­थ्यङ­माहादया­˴दद
5छिन­प्रति­पु­१­थ्यन­माहादया­छु­याय­˴पुनभाखा­˴गुसाहिजु­छि
6न­तस्यहर­प्रतिया­रिसर­˴महंन्त­राय­भाथिजु­मदया­प्रतिया­रिसर­
7वियाहय­मफया­धक­तसेहर­˴राय­भाथिजुया­शुं­चोङ­दत­सां­
8खजा­मदु­˴ओं­साहु­थुका­˴राय­भाथिजु­मदित­सा­छिन­चोयाविसे­
9हयमदु­रा­उपरात­ख­छिन­प्रतिस­तसेहर­˴धनसिजुया­ख­तसे
10हर­˴धनसिङजु­˴ग्वरन­तुर­धक­तसेहर­˴न्हापा­जिन­अमकन­
11धसिंजुया­खवात­मतया­यछु­याय­˴छिस्करस­प्रति­थ्यङ­नि­रिपा­जु
12र­आओ­˴कुतिस­चोङ­वुधिसिङजुन­जित­˴तसेहर­˴जिमिगु­वो
13तिया­दाम ­वियाहि­न्याकं­हतास­जुर­˴दाम­त्वाक­मदत­सा­पु
14र­जुर­सां­वियाहिओ­थन­धनि­वुझयाय­मार­धक­तसेहर­
15जिन­वियाछोया­पुर­तसवि­तोरा­४२९॥­थुति­जिन­वि
16याछोया­भुराखा­पा­१०­द्र­२५­दु­५­कोचिं­­थां­११­कोचिनया­मुर­मो
17होर­४२७।/।­य­व्यथं­छित­थां­१­मुमोहो­२॥­थुति­वस्तुक­थन­
18जिनं­वियाहया­˴जि­मनस­˴ओपिं­श्वम्ह­फुकि­छम्हं­थुका­ध
19क­वियमा­दनि­ख­मदु­धक­वियाहया­थथ्य­जुइ­धक­जा­मसिया­
20ओयात­वियमार­रिवि­सां­˴ङ्हावि­सां­वियमा­धक­वियाछोया­˴थ
21न­कोथिस­र्‍याख­श्वयाओ­अमकन­˴को⟪हा⟫ओओ­˴सकती­र्‍या
22ख­श्वयाओ­ओयाक­वोति­सकरें­पाचक­वियाहया­पाचका­उ
23पर­ओङ­मोहो­श्वस­˴प्यसर­उपर­ओह­˴थथ्य­जुर­धक­म
24नस­हतास­चायमते­˴वुधिसिङया­वंजार­थन­जिखाछेस­
25ओवर­वियाहया­˴फेर­गुसाहिजु­छिन­तसेहर­˴पुर­निमा­मियागु­
26दाम­छु­याङा­धक­तसेंहर­˴थन­कासमिरिया­वस्तुक­अमकन­
27कोचिन­वियाहया­˴गुरया­दाम­पुरे­मुमार­रा­भुराखाया­मुर­पु
28रे­मुमारा­वनज­गथ्य­यात­सां­द्या­सा­रवत­दत­सां­˴साझि­थुका­
29पुकु­वनज­याइ­धक­छि­मनस­संहदे­चायमते­˴थ्व­वस्तुक­रु­
30सर­˴कोचिं­˴रु­˴भुराखा­सकतां­छिन­जोङाओङा­मखु­रा­˴थ्वया­वा
31वत­˴तसवि­पुर­मिया­पुरा­˴थन­परया­खुरु­त्याङा­गूरया­ख­तसेह
32र­˴वंजार­˴जुया­चोसेंरि­भतिखुनुं­˴प्यदामया­आसारान­काया­˴थ्व­वस्तु
33क­चु­काया­धक­जि­याकातन­˴नय­धक­मखु­द­सां­˴फु­सां­˴साझि­थु
34का­थनत­कुत­जुर­सां­क­वोतिभा­गथ्य­जुइ­थुका­˴छिन­तसेहर­
35महंन्त­थ्यनेतु­नुं­˴अति­﹨म्ह­४­छोयाहय­धक­तसेहर­ख­मदु­मह
36न्त­थ्यङ­मथ्यङ­धक­चोनेमारा­छिस्कर­खुसि­जुओवरे­छोयाहि­˴ख­च
37ओङ­सा­जि­याकातया­मखु­थुका­˴छोयाहर­सा­˴सवासेनं­वनज­याङा
38ओ­ननानं­ओयदइ­थुका­छोयाहयागु­˴ख­दाम­जा­˴छिस्करस­खओ­
39ख­सां­˴साझि­थुका­हनकं­खम­दु­छा­जिमि­दे­दाम­थथ्यं­मा­धा­सा­छोया
40हि­दाम­दको­दाम­वि­मदंको­वस्त­वि­थुका­˴छम्हस्यात­जा­फछ्या­जुर­
41छिस्कसेनं­थथ्यं­विओ­धा­सां­विखमदु­सम्वत्‌­८६७­वछोरागा­९­शुभ:­॥

[1v]

1[Fully intact wax seal]

1᠀­मथस­दिक­गुसाहि­श्री­
2महंन्त­राय­भाथिजु­कु
3व्यर­भाथिजु­निम्हस्त­शुभ:­॥

Synopsis

Sent from Shigatse1 (text: Jikhāche; Tib. གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ།, Wylie: gzhis ka rtse) in Tibet on the 9th of the dark fortnight of Bachalā (text: Vachorā, Vaiśākha), NS 867 (1747 CE), this letter from Nehā Girī (text: Nihā Gīri) to Mahanta Rāya Bhāratī (text: Rāya Bhāthi) and Kubera Bhāratī (text: Kubera Bhāthi) in Patan begins with inquiries after the two recipients’ well-being. Acknowledging receipt of their earlier letter, Girī notes their mention of an accident—a fall involving Dhana Siṃha (text: Dhana Siṃ)—and explains that he had failed to inquire about Dhana Siṃha earlier simply because their dispatch arrived late.

Girī then addresses a demand from Buddhi Siṃha (text: Budhi Siṅa) in Kuti, who had written insisting on an urgent remittance of his share: “If money cannot be arranged, send corals to settle accounts with the traders.” In response, Girī details the commodities he consigned to Buddhi Siṃha: 429 tolās and 2 māsās of corals, 10 bhulāygā2 (text: bhurākhā) shawls, valued at 25 rupees each, 11 pieces of brocade (kociṃ; Mod. New. kvayciṃ), valued at 427 moharas, 1 sukā, 1 ānā, and 1 paisā, along with other sundry items. Girī explains that by handing over these goods to Buddhi Siṃha’s agent during the latter's visit to Shigatse, he successfully balanced the books and settled all outstanding dues.

Turning to Gosāīṃ Rāya Bhāratī’s inquiries regarding the revenue from coral sales, Girī offers reassurance. He insists that he operates strictly on the principle of joint partnership: all profits and losses are shared, and any assets acquired are meant for the common benefit of their trade firm rather than his private enjoyment. To dispel lingering suspicions, Girī reiterates that if Bhāratī still harbors doubts, he is ready to liquidate everything—forwarding all proceeds in cash and returning the remaining unsold inventory directly to Nepal.

The document's verso bears two single-sentence blocks naming the recipients, Mahanta Rāya Bhāratī and Kubera Bhāratī (text: Kuvyara Bhāthi), residing at the Bhaku Dhvākhāmaṭha.


Notes

1. Although not explicitly stated at the outset, line 25 reads “...came here in Jikhāche...”, confirming that Girī was operating from Shigatse, known among Lhasa Newar traders as Jhikhāchẽ (spelled as Jikhāche here). [⇑]

2. A special type of silken cloth. [⇑]

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