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A report from Patna by Candraśekhara Upādhyāya re Gajarāja Miśra's death and British overtures of friendship (VS 1874)

ID: DNA_0002_0111


Edited and translated by Manik Bajracharya, Simon Cubelic, Rajan Khatiwoda
Created: 2019-04-01; Last modified: 2019-09-15
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Published by Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities: Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal, Heidelberg, Germany, 2019. Published by the courtesy of the National Archives, Kathmandu. The copyright of the facsimile remains with the Nepal Rashtriya Abhilekhalaya (National Archives, Government of Nepal). All use of the digital facsimiles requires prior written permission by the copyright holder. See Terms of Use.
The accompanying edition, translation/synopsis and/or commentary are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License CCby-SA.

Abstract

This is a letter sent by Candraśekhara Upādhyāya to General Bhīmasena Thāpā from Patna reporting about Gajarāja Miśra's death and administrative matters. He also states that the British are interested in establishing friendly relations with Nepal and that they are actively engaged in resolving troubles in the south.



Diplomatic edition

[1r]

श्री­दुर्गाजी­सहाय­\

⟪नं­२३१­⟫

श्री­५­महाराज­

1स्वस्तिश्रीसर्वोपमायोग्यशौर्यौदार्य्यदयादाक्षिण्यादिगुणगणालंकृतराजभारधारणसमर्थ
2श्रीश्रीश्रीजनरलभीमसेनथापामहाशयेषु­तथा­श्रीश्रीश्रीकाजिरणध्वजथापाकेषु­इतः­शुभे
3छुचंद्रशेखरउपाध्यायको­शुभाशीर्वादपूर्वकं­पत्रं­कृपाले­ञाहाँ­आनन्द­होला­ताँहाँको­आ
4नन्द­मंगल­सर्वदा­चाहिये­ये­हि­ते­प्रभु­सेवकजन­सवको­पालना­होला­आगे­∙ञाहाँको­स
5माचार­यथास्थित­छ­ उप्रान्त­∙श्रावण­सुदि­९­रोज­५­का­मितिमा­ताँहाँवाट­रव़ाना­भयाको­
6चिठि­भाद्र­वदि­४­रोज­७­का­दिन­आइपुग्यो­पह्रि­अर्थ­विज्ञात­भय़ो­∙लाठ­साहवसित­भेट­
7मुलाकात­वातचित­भयाको­र­∙मिश्रज्यू­विराम­हुनुभै­∙परलोकी­हुनुभयाको­विस्तार­अ
8घिअघिका­अर्जि­चिठिले­विस्तार­वुझ्यागयो­हो­∙मिश्रज्यू­जानुभयाको­छ­१।२­काम्‌­निस्क
9नन्‌­भन्या­हामि­सवका­चित्तमा­भरोसा­थिय़ो­अकस्माद्­दैवले­एस्तो­पार्यो­चित्तमा­वहुत्‌­षे
10द­लागीरहन्छ­परन्तु­आफुले­टालि­नटल्‌न्या­ईश्वरेछाले­मात्र­हुन्या­कुरा­हुनाले­चित्तमा­
11धैर्य­लि­संझनु­पर्न्या­रहेछ­सोइ­पाठले­चित्तलाइ­संझाइ­∙ञाँहा­भैपरि­आयाको­र­ताँहावा
12ट­हुकुम्‌­आज्ञा­आयामाफिक्‌­जान्या­वुझ्यासंमको­टहल­गरिन्छ­- - - ञाहाका­अर्थलाइ­∙नयो­
13दोस्ति­भैरहेछ­हाल्‌­इन्को­तरह­देष्‌ता­∙ठूलै­दोस्ति­राष्या­जस्तो­गर्छन्‌­वढियै­छ­∙दक्षिणीसित­
14वात्‌चितैले­वन्दोवस्त­हुन्छ­कि­कसो­हुन्छ­सो­जैल्हे­ञाँहा­वात­षुल्ला­विन्ति­गरीपठाउँला­∙
15जान्‌­आदम्‌­साहव­र­सुइन्‌टीन­साहवसित­भयाका­कुराको­विस्तार­अघि­पार्सिका­चिठिमा­
16लेष्याको­हो­जाहर­भयो­हो­∙सर्कारी­कमराको­कुरा­∙अघि­⟪जान्‌­⟫आदम्­साहवले­गर्याथ्या­पछि­ञा
17हा­हामिछेउ­कसैले­भन्याको­छैन­∙वाहिरा­१।२­मानिस्‌का­जुवानि­साविक्‌­सिवाना­माफि
18क्‌­फलानु­जगा­नेपालका­ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ लाइ­लाठ­साहवका­हुकुम्‌­वमोजिम्‌­पर्वाना­अदाल
19तका­कचहरीमा­भैरहेछ­भन्न्या­कुरा­सुनिरह्याछन्‌­∙वल्‌जलि­साहव­कलकत्ता­कूच­गर्या­
20हामि­गर्मिले­निस्क्याका­थिञुन­∙अव­र­ताँहाँ­विन्ति­गरीपठायाको­∙हाजिर्वासीको­मुष्‌ता
21रनामा­षलीता­र­तनुषा­भयाको­षर्च­पनि­आइपुग्‌ला­गर्मि­पनि­वीत्यो­∙कलकत्ता­हि
22ड्‌दिषेर­ञाहाँका­अपील्‌वाला­र­जज्‌सित­भेट­गर्नुछ­∙तेसैमा­इ­कुरा­पनि­गरि­जो­ठगान्‌­
23होला­विन्ति­गरीपठाउँला­∙हाति­२­पठाइदिनुभयाका­हिजो­हाजिपुर­आइपुग्या­छन्­आ
24ज­दानापुर­कप्‌तान्‌­हिल्‌­साहव­छेउ­षवर्­पठाञा­∙उन्‌ले­मानिस्‌­पठाउनि­मात्रै­∙हाति­सौप
25न्या­काम­होला­∙इनहरूका­मानिस्‌का­जुवानि­∙इ­हाथि­∙हालुक्‌वाडिमा­पठाउन्या­कुरा­सुनि
26न्छन्‌­तर­२­हथिनी­देष्‌ता­फीलवान्‌­इनहरूका­वेस्‌­रह्याछन्‌­∙इ­त­∙दानापुरै­रहनन्‌­भन्थ्या­गरे­
27पछि­पठाइवक्सनु­भयाका­∙झन्‌­वढिया­रह्याछन्‌­∙षुशी­हुनन्‌­∙सुइन्‌टीन­साहवसित­
28भेट­हुँदा­षुकुरीका­वीडका­प्रसंगमा­∙गैँडा­तिम्रा­तराइका­जंगलमा­हुन्छन्‌­भन्दा­सुनिंन्छ­
29पाल्पाका­पनि­छन्­कि­भन्न्या­वडा­साहवले­हेर्न्या­कुरा­चित्तमा­राष्या­जस्ता­डव़ल्का­कुरा­
30गर्थ्या­∙१­अनुठा­घोडाका­पनि­ताँहाँ­कुरा­आज्ञा­गर्नुभयाको­हो­∙सो­घोडा­आयाको­भया­
31तेस्‌का­साथमा­१­गैंडा­पनि­पठाउन्या­काम्‌ ­भया­वढिया­हुदो­हो­भन्न्या­चित्तमा­आँउछ­∙
32जो­आज्ञा­∙मुन्सि­अमृत्‌लाल­आइपुग्याको­षवर­∙अघिका­चिठिमा­लेष्याको­हो­विज्ञा
33त­भयो­हो­∙दर्माहा ­थोडो­भयो­उस्‌­जगामा­तेस्‌­दर्माहले­कसो­गरी­निर्वाह­होला­भनि­∙
34आगा­पीछा­गर्छन्‌­∙जो­अघि­तज्‌वीज­भयाको­गराइवक्सनुभया­वढिया­होला­∙मलाइ­
35पनि­धेर­र्दिन्‌­ञाँहा­रहन्या­काम­केहि­छैन­∙षर्च­षलीता­चाँडो­वक्सिपठाउनुभया­∙त्यो­
36आइपुग्नि­मात्र­कूच­गरूला­विज्ञेषु­किमधिकमिति­भाद्र­वदि­६­रो­∙२­सं­∙१८७४­साल­
37⟪मुकाम­पटना­शुभं­⟫

Translation

[1r]

May glorious Durgā protect [us]

No. 2311

Five times venerable Mahārāja2

Hail! This is a letter from your well-wisher Candraśekhara Upādhyāya3 with auspicious blessings from here to the thrice venerable General Bhīmasena Thāpā, the magnanimous one, who is worthy [to be an object] of all [exalted] similes, being adorned with a multitude of qualities—heroism, generosity, compassion, skillfulness and the like—and who is able to shoulder royal duties, and to the thrice venerable kājīRaṇadhvaja Thāpā.

Things will be joyful here with [your] grace. The joy and good fortune there is always required. Everyone who is your servant, my Lord, will be protected [by you]. Furthermore, the tidings here are as before.

Uprānta: The letter that was despatched on Thursday, the 9th of the bright fortnight of Śrāvaṇa from there reached here on Saturday, the 4th of the dark fortnight of Bhādra. I read and understood its meaning. You must have understood, from the earlier letters, the details about the meeting and conversation with the Lord Sāheba, and about the sickness and death of Miśra4 . Miśra has passed away. There was hope in all of our hearts that he would be able to accomplish 1 or 2 more tasks. Suddenly, fate struck. I feel much sorrow in my heart. However, since it is something that can only happen by the inescapable will of God, one must understand and remain firm of mind. This lesson has made my heart understand; I shall serve to the best of my knowledge based on what happens here and on the orders coming from there (i.e., from you).

Regarding matters here, a new friendship is being formed. To judge by their current behaviour, [the British] are acting as if they had [already] sealed a great friendship [with us], which is fine.

Regarding whether there will be an arrangement with the Southerners5 through talks, I shall inform you as soon as the matter becomes clear here. The details of the conversation with John Adam Sāheba6 and Swinton Sāheba7 were written [to you] earlier in the Persian letter. You will have taken cognizance of them. John Adam Sāheba had earlier talked about the government chambers (sarakārī kamarā). No one has talked to us about it since then. It has been heard from 1 or 2 persons outside (the government?) that an order (parvānā)—in line with a command from the Lord Sāheba that such and such land be [returned] to the fivefold venerable king of Nepal based on the former (sāvik) borders—is currently being [discussed] in the court assembly.

Valjali Sāheba8 has departed for Calcutta. We didn't leave because of the heat.

The appointment letter (mukhtāranāmā) for the resident's attendant (hājirvāsī), the kharitā and the sum for salaries that we had requested from you ought to be arriving. Summer has also passed. Around the time I set off for Calcutta, I will need to meet the appellant and the judge here. During the meeting, I will talk [with them] about this matter and will inform you about whatever is decided.

The 2 elephants that you sent arrived yesterday in Hājipura9 . Today I sent the news to Captain Hill Sāheba in Dānāpura10 . The handing over of the elephants will only happen after he sends his people. It is heard from their people that these elephants will be sent to Hālukvāḍi. However, judging by the 2 female elephants, their mahouts (phīlavān) are better [than expected]. They said that they (i.e., the female elephants) will remain in Dānāpura. The ones that you sent later are even better. They (i.e., the British) will be happy. When I met Swinton Sāheba and we were talking about the hilt of a khukuri, he said: "I have heard that rhinos can be found in the forests of your [part of] the Tarai. Can they also be found in Palpa ?". He twice mentioned that the Baḍā Sāheba has the wish to see [them].

There [in Nepal], you gave the order [to send] 1 special horse as well. If that horse comes11 , it occurs to me that it would be [even] better if you could also send 1 rhino together with it. [I will be satisfied, though, with] whatever you order. I wrote in my earlier letter the news of Munsi Amṛta Lāla's arrival. You may have [already] known [about it by now]. He is after me saying: "The wages are not enough. How can one survive in this place on such wages?" It would be great if you could grant what was decided before. And as for me, there is no purpose in remaining here for many days. I will depart [from here] once the kharitā with the money [for salaries], that you will [hopefully] send quickly, arrives here. What more [to say] to a knowledgeable one. Monday, the 6th of the dark fortnight of Bhādra in the [Vikrama] era year 1874 (1817 CE). Residence: Patna. Auspiciousness.


Notes

1. This number, added by a second hand, is the manuscript number given by the National Archives, Kathmandu. []

2. From the date, it is clear that the ruling king (mahārāja) was Rājendra Vikrama Śāha. []

3. Candraśekhara Upādhyāya was Nepal's envoy (vakila) to Patna during the 1810's. On his posting to India as the envoy, see Papers Respecting Nepaul War 1824, pp. 341-42. []

4. The Miśra referred to here is Gajarāja Miśra, who in 1814 accompanied Candra Śekhara as an envoy to India. []

5. Probably the Marathas. []

6. John Adam (1779-1825) served as private and political secretary to Governor-General Francis Rawdon-Hastings during the Third Anglo-Maratha War (see https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/104, accessed on 2019.05.15). []

7. George Swinton (1780-1854) served as Persian secretary to the governor-general (see Waterston et al. 2006: 908. []

8. Probably Gerald Wellesley (1792-1833). The son of Richard Wellesley, he became the first assistant to the resident at the court of Kathmandu in the same year as this letter (see http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2008/early-british-irish-paintings-l08123/lot.44.html, accessed on 2019.5.2. []

9. Hajipur is one of the largest cities in the Indian state of Bihar. It lies north-east of Patna. []

10. A satellite town of Patna. In colonial times it served as as British garrison. []

11. It seems that the horse was brought to Kathmandu first from somewhere else before it was despatched to India. []