Documenta Nepalica

Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal

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A copy of a purjī from C-in-C General Deva Śamśera to Kharidāra Narahari Pādhyā re the Baḍādasaĩ rituals at the Pāñcāyana temple (VS 1951)

ID: K_0379_0073

Edited and translated by Astrid Zotter in collaboration with Pabitra Bajracharya
Created: 2020-09-07; Last modified: 2021-03-10
For the metadata of the document, click here

Published by Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities: Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal, Heidelberg, Germany, 2021. Published by the courtesy of the National Archives, Kathmandu. The copyright of the facsimile remains with the Nepal Rashtriya Abhilekhalaya (National Archives, Government of Nepal). All use of the digital facsimiles requires prior written permission by the copyright holder. See Terms of Use.
The accompanying edition, translation/synopsis and/or commentary are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Abstract

Through the purjī, of which this is a copy, C-in-C General Deva Śamśera Jaṅga Rāṇā Bahādura endorses the regular budget for the rituals performed during the autumnal Dasaĩ festival in the year VS 1951 (1894 CE) at the Pāñcāyana temple, in line with outlays of the previous year. It directs the secretary (kharidāra) of the Guṭhī Kharca Aḍḍā, Narahari Pādhyā, to release funds for the projected expenses of 26.2.0.1 rupees in cash and 1 pāthī, 1 mānā in kind, as itemized in the appended details (tapasila) of revenue from the Jaṅgānandaprakāśeśvara Sadābartā Guṭhī.

Diplomatic edition

[47v-part1]

1⟪57⟫

1स्वस्तिश्रीमद्राजकुमारकुमारात्म[?]रलदेवसम्सेरजङ्गराणावहादूरकस्य¯ ¯१¯तर्फ
2कागुठीगुठीकाषर्चअडाकाषरिदारनरहरिपाध्याकेपुर्जीउप्रान्त¯ ¯२¯वाटस्थापनागरीवक्स्याकापंचा
3यन्‌मा¯ ¯३¯स्थान्‌मावडादसैमामलीपुजागर्नालाईसावीक्‌मा¯ ¯४¯कासदावर्तगुठीवाटषर्च
4गरीगुठीषर्चअडाकानाऊसनदभैकाम्‌चलाईआयाकोहुनालेरगुठीगुठीकादान्‌पत्रसीलापत्र
5तावापत्रमानभयाकासावीक्‌मासनदपुर्जीभैआयाकोकाम्‌जोजोछसावीक्‌वमोजीम्‌कोव
6षत्‌वषत्‌मासनदगरीदीनुभन्न्यायस्‌अडालाईगरीवक्स्याका१२लम्वरकासव़ाल्‌[?][?]
7वीक्‌५०साल्‌वमोजिम्‌षर्चभयाकोनगदीमोहरू२६॥।∙जीन्‌सीपाथी।१।१कोतपसील्‌माद[?]
8म्‌ताकीयाकोछतापनीज्मामानवढाईतीम्रानाऊमाभयाकासव़ाल्‌सनदकोरीतपुर्‍याईसा
9छीराषीषरीदगरीनीजगुठीकास्याहामाषर्चलेषीयही५१साल्‌कोवडादसैकोमामली
10पुजाचलाऊनुवहीवुझदासाछीकोरली⟪नेदी⟫न्यादीकोसहीछापपर्‍याकास्याहावमोजीम्‌मो
11जराहोलाभंन्याषर्चअडाकाहाकीम्‌कानाऊमासनदगरीवक्स्नुपर्न्याठहराञ्यूंजोमर्जिभनी
12¯ ¯१¯तर्फकागुठीवन्दोवस्तअडाकाषरीदारमेहेरमान्‌सींनायवमुषीयालाल्‌वहादुरलेहाम्राह
13जुर्मावीन्तीपार्दाजाहेरभयोतसर्थसोथहरायावमोजीम्‌हामीवाटपनीमुनासीवठहरा
14ईसदरगरीवक्स्याकोछसोवमोजीम्‌गर्न्याकाम्‌गर¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯

[47v-part2]

15तपसील्‌

[table1-part1]

1	नगदीज्मारू				२६॥∙।
2	पैसा१६गंडीरु११॥///॥।२केद्र२५गंडीलेमोरु			७॥∙।
3	जौपाथी।१रफल्‌फुल्‌स्मेत्‌के		॥।∙॥
4	गणेस्‌कालाल्‌वसत्रके		/।
5	व्राह्मणकाधोतीऊपर्नाकेनैनकीलाट्‌गज९के		२॥//॥।
6	सेतोपट्टीगज॥.के		//
7	अैनावट्टाधागोपोटेचुराके		///॥।
8	तोरन्‌काकपडापाऊआढाके		//
9	घट्‌स्थापनाके		॥∙
10	वीसरजन्‌कापुजाके	।∙
11	नीसान्‌पुजाके	।∙
12	—————————————————————————
13	घडाकेरडीयोकलस्‌के		२॥।//॥।२
14	नरीव़ल्‌पगरीजोर३के		॥।∙
15	सुपारीके		ऽ॥
16	रेषीपीथोचाव़ल्‌माना२के		//॥
17	पंचरत्नके		ऽ।
18	वत्तीधुपके		/
19	गोकुल्‌धुपके		//
20	वतीघ्यूके		१///
21	वतीधागोके		।∙॥।
22	तेलकुरुव़ा१के		१
23	अक्षेताकेचाव़लपाथी।१के		॥

[48r]

1४८

[table1-part2]

24	माताकागाग्रो१के			/॥।
25	—————————————————————————
26	रागावोकाकेमोहरु			१९	१९
27	मौलामाहान्नाके			१२॥
28	रागा	१के	१०
29	वोका	१के	२॥∙
30	————————————————————————
31	पुजाकावोका२के			५
32	कुंवींन्दो४के			॥∙
33	षरुव़ागज३के			१
34	—————————————————————————

[table2]

1	जीन्‌सी				।१।१
2	चाव़ल्‌	।∙।४	धान्‌	।∙।५।
3	—————————————————————————

16ईतीसम्वत्‌१९५१साल्‌आश्वीनवदी३०रोज७शुभ्म्‌¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯

Translation

[47v-part1]

571

Hail! A purjī of the venerable Commander-in-Chief General Deva Samsera Jaṅga Rāṇā Bahādūra, a venerable prince born of a prince, to Narahari Pādhyā, kharidāra of the office [responsible for] the expenses of different guṭhīs2 under [Śrī 3 Sarkāra]3

Uprānta: "Usually, in order to perform the customary worship of Baḍādasaĩ at the site of the [family deity]4 in the Pāñcāyana (text: paṃcāyan) [temple] that was erected by [Śrī 3 Mahārāja]5 , the rituals have usually been performed with expenses being met by the Sadābartā Guṭhī of [Śrī Jaṅgānandaprakāśeśvara]6 Decrees (sanada) addressed to the Guṭhī Kharca Aḍḍā are issued [to that effect]; [they are in accordance with] directive (savāla) no. 12 addressed to our (lit. 'this') office,7 stating: 'Have a sanada be issued from time to time as appropriate for the ritual activities, whatever they are, for which traditionally sanadas and purjīs have been issued because no deed of gift (dānapatra), stone inscription (śilāpatra) [or] copperplate (tāmāpatra) exists.' Wherefore, as usual, the expenses to be incurred have been projected in accordance with [what was spent in] the year [19]50—in cash 26 [mohara]ru[paiyā̃]s, 3 [sukās];8 in kind 1 [pāthī], 1 [mānā]—[at] the rates and prices in the details (tapasila) [below]. Even if the sum is higher, buy [the necessary items], having appointed witnesses [to the purchases], write the expenses in the said guṭhī's account book and have the customary worship (pūjā) performed during the Baḍādasaĩ of this year, [19]47, [thereby] adhering to the customs stated in the savālas and sanadas issued in your name. A reimbursement will be made when accounts are cleared according to the account book that bears the signatures and seals of the witnesses and those involved in the transactions (lit. ‘of those taking and giving’)." [All this] came to our notice when Kharidāra Meheramān Sīṃ and Deputy (nāyaba) Mukhiyā Lāla Bahādura of the Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍā under [Śrī 3 Sarkāra] made the [above] petition to us, stating [in conclusion]: "We have determined that a sanada mentioning [these details] needs to be issued in the name of the chief of the [Guṭhī] Kharca Aḍḍā. Whatever [is your] wish [we shall obey]." Therefore, with regard to what has been determined [needs to be done,] we too have determined that it is proper, and [hereby] endorse it. Perform the task accordingly.

[47v-part2]

Details

[table1-part1]

1	cash, in total Rs.				26 [morus], 2 [sukās], 1 [paisā]
2	for [the sum according to] the sohraganḍī [system]: 11 rupees, 2 [sukās], 3 [ānās], 3 [paisās], 2 [dāmas]9 [=] in terms of paccīsaganḍīmorus			7 [morus], 2 [sukās], 1 [paisā]
3	for 1 pāthī of barley together with fruits and flowers		3 [sukās], 2 [paisās]
4	for Gaṇeśa's red cloth		1 [ānā], 1 [paisā]
5	for 9 gajas of muslin [for] robes of honour (kīlāṭ for khillāta?) for Brahmins' lower (dhotī) and upper garments (uparnā)		2 [morus], 2 [sukās], 2 [ānās], 3 [paisās]
6	for ½ gaja of white cloth10		2 [ānās]
7	for mirror, beauty box (baṭṭā), (red) ribbons (dhāgo)11 , necklace (pote) [and] bangles (curā)		3 [ānās], 3 [paisās]
8	for two and a half pāus of cloth for the torana		2 [ānās]
9	for [expenses at the site where] ghaṭasthāpanā [is performed]		2 [sukās]
10	for the dismissal (visarjana) worship	1 [sukā]
11	for the banner (nisānā) worship	1 [sukā]
12	---
13	for big water vessel(s) (ghaḍā) and for the lamps and small water vessels (kalaśa)		2 [morus, 3 [sukās], 2 [ānās], 3 [paisās], 2 [dāmas]
14	for 3 pairs of coconuts and turbans		3 [sukās]
15	for areca nuts		2 [paisās]
16	for 2 mānās of flour (pīṭho) and husked rice [for] lines (rekhī)		2 [ānās], 2 [paisās]
17	for the five jewels (pañcaratna)		1 [paisā]
18	for twisted incense sticks12		1 [ānā]
19	for bdellium incense (gokuladhūpa)		2 [ānās]
20	for ghee for lamps		1 [moru], 3 [ānās]
21	for wicks for lamps		1 [sukā], 3 [paisās]
22	for 1 kuruvā of oil		1 [moru]
23	for 1/8 pāthī of husked rice for akṣatā		2 [sukās]13

[48r]

[p.] 4814

[table1-part2]

24	for 1 earthen jar (gāgro)			1 [ānā], 3 [paisās]
25	—————————————————————————---
26	for buffaloes and goats,15 moharu				19
27	for slaying at the sacrificial post (maulo)			12 [morus], 2 [sukās]
28	buffaloes	for 1	10 [morus]
29	goats	for 1	2 [morus], 2 [sukās]
30	---
31	for 2 goats for the pujā			5 [morus]
32	for 4 ash-gourds (kubhiṇḍo)			2 [sukās]
33	for 3 gajas of red cotton cloth (kharuvā)			1 [moru]
34	---

[table2]

1	[expenses] in kind (jinsī)				1 [pāthi], 1 [mānā]
2	husked rice	4 [mānās]	unhusked rice	5 [mānās]
3	---

Saturday, the 30th of the dark fortnight of Āśvina in the [Vikrama] era year 1951 (1894 CE).16 Auspiciousness.

Commentary

The document concerns the rituals performed during the autumnal Dasaĩ festival at the Pāñcāyana temple, the site of the Rāṇā family's kuladevatā and iṣṭadevatā in Thāpāthalī, Kathmandu, maintained under the oversight of the Jaṅgānandaprākāśeśvara Guṭhī. It follows an earlier document from VS 1947 (1890 CE) almost verbatim (K_0636_0036). The few notable differences include that in the present document there is no mention of the location of the temple in question at Thāpāthalī. Moreover, the text refers to the Guṭhi Bandobasta Aḍḍā as operating under Śrī 3 Sarkāra instead of being located at Thāpāthalī and specifies that the guṭhī in charge is the sadābarta guṭhī of Jaṅgānandaprākāśeśvara, not simply the guṭhī of Jaṅgānandaprākāśeśvara as in K_0636_0036.

For more on the temple and its administration, see the earlier documents on the Dasaĩ of VS 1944 (1887 CE) (K_0476_0060) and VS 1947 (K_0636_0036). Later documents that are modelled on the present one include K_0625_0006, K_0640_0019 and K_0614_0029.

Notes

1. This Arabic numeral by a second hand was probably added when documents were either sorted or microfilmed. The count starts with 1 in K_0636_0015 and continues up to 120 in K_0380_0053. The documents in this series were all issued in VS 1951, and most if not all of them concern proceedings of the Jaṅgānandaprākāśeśvara Guṭhī and its related monuments and institutions. [⇑]

2. This seems to be an alternative way to denote the office otherwise referred to as the Guṭhī Kharca Aḍḍā. [⇑]

3. The phrase to be inserted into this space numbered 1—along with the phrases for the other three numbered spaces in the document—was left out when the document was copied. This was maybe due to the fact that their references were clear from the other documents copied in the same ledger (see note 1 above). Here they are taken from the related documents of the series (see Commentary). [⇑]

4. On account of the parallel documents either "śrīkuladevatā" or "śrīiṣṭadevatā" must have been written in this space numbered 3 in the original (see previous note). [⇑]

5. Given parallel documents, this space numbered 2 was likely filled in with "Śrī 3 Mahārāja" in the original. [⇑]

6. Inserted on the basis of the parallel documents. [⇑]

7. I.e. the Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍā, this passage quoting what two officers of this government body reported to the C-in-C general. See the note on this phrase in the edition of K_0636_0036 for further thoughts on the savāla referred to here. [⇑]

8. The sum given here differs from the one stated in the details below. Probably while copying the scribe shifted the middle dot. Thus he wrote "26|||∙" instead of the correct "26||∙|", as given in the list below. [⇑]

9. This number gives the total sum spent on the items listed in the left column below, where their prices are given in the sohraganḍī coinage system. Only the overall sum stated here has been converted to the paccīsaganḍī system. Thus the final tally of 7.2.0.1 rupees for the worship material added to the 19 rupees for the sacrificial animals, yielding the total sum of 26.2.0.1 rupees, is a figure in the paccīsaganḍī system. For the two systems, see Walsh 1908: 693–694. [⇑]

10. The text of the present document reads what can best be read as paṭṭī instead of vastra, as found in the other documents of the series. Among the meanings of paṭṭī is "piece of leather, cloth etc." (... chālā, kapaḍā ādiko ṭukro; Parājulī et al. VS 2067: s.v. paṭṭī 1). [⇑]

11. In the context of these items, which go to make up the saubhāgyasāmāna, the threads or ribbons would usually be red (Zotter 2018: 127). [⇑]

12. The translation follows the earlier documents that read vāṭe dhupa (K_0476_0060) and vāṭekā dhup (K_0636_0036) in this place. [⇑]

13. In K_0476_0060 2 [sukās], 1 [ānā]. [⇑]

14. This number added by a later hand represents the page number of the ledger in which the document was copied. [⇑]

15. The words rāgā and bokā denote the uncastrated male representatives of their species in the plural. For the sake of brevity, here and in the following, these terms are translated as "buffaloes" and "goats" respectively. [⇑]

16. The date corresponds to 29 September 1894. It is unclear why, although the date follows the pūrṇimānta reckoning, the new moon day would be counted as the 30th, it being in reality the 15th day of the month. This practice is, however, somewhat widespread (see e.g. DNA_0003_0049, Tsum_0001_0012). [⇑]

Glossary

Word	Notes
akṣatā / achetā / acheto	[fr. S. akṣata] var. akṣetā; n. unbroken rice grains used in rituals, prepared from husked rice (cāmala).
baḍā dasaĩ	var. baḍā dasai; also mahā dasaĩ; n. festival to worship the goddess Durgā as slayer of the buffalo demon, held over the bright half of the autumn month of Āśvina. Cf. dasaĩ / daśaĩ.
baṭṭā	n. 1) small wooden or metal box. 2) box for keeping make-up, beauty box, vanity case, part of the saubhāgyasāmāna.
curā / curo	n. bracelet, bangle, made of metal or glass.
dāma	var. dām; n. the smallest monetary unit, one-fourth of one paisā (in case of measurements of land etc.) and one-256th of one mohararupaiyā̃.
dānapatra	[S.] n. deed of gift.
dasaĩ / daśaĩ	[fr. S. daśāha] var. dasai; n. festival to worship the goddess Durgā as slayer of the buffalo demon, held over the bright half of the autumn month of Āśvina (baḍā dasaĩ) and, on a smaller scale, over the bright half of the spring month of Caitra (caite dasaĩ).
dhotī	[fr. S.] n. 1) rectangular piece of unstitched cloth wordn around the lower body, usually one end of which passes between the legs and is tucked in behind. 2) a cotton sari.
gāgro	[fr. S. gargarī] n. large earthenware water vessel, jar.
gaja	[P. gaz] n. measure of length equalling two hātas or 0.91m; Mughal yard, typically used for measuring textiles.
ghaḍā	[S.] var. gharā; n. water vessel, jar, usually bigger than a kalaśa.
ghaṭasthāpana	[S.] n. lit. "setting up the jar", a ritual that marks the beginning of the Navarātra festival.
gokuladhūpa	[fr. S. gugguladhūpa] var. gokuladhupa, guguladhupa; n. bdellium incense, resin from the Indian bdellium-tree (Commiphora wightii [Arn.] Bhandari).
guṭha / guṭhi / guṭhī	[fr. S. goṣṭhī] var. guṭh, guthi; n. 1) a socio-religious organization that manages and finances religious and charitable functions, a trust. 2) “endowed lands or other sources of revenue for financing religious and charitable functions“ (M.R. Pant 2002: 132; cf. M.C. Regmi 1988: 267).
Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍā	var. Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍā, Guṭhi Bandobasta Aḍā; n. "Guthi Administration Office", office responsible for the management of guṭhīs; established under Jaṅga Bahādura Rāṇā in 1852-1853 as replacement of the former Guṭhī Kacaharī. Its foundation marks the change from the guṭhīyāri system of the guṭhī management to the contractor based system; remained the central office to coordinate all offices subsequently established for handling different aspects of guṭhī management, including the Guṭhī Kharca Aḍḍā and others. Separate Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍās managed the śrī 5 sarkāra guṭhīs and the śrī 3 sarkāra guṭhīs (cf. M.C. Regmi 1978: 713-715).
Guṭhī Kharca Aḍḍā	n. office responsible for managing the expenses of the guṭhīs working under the head of the Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍā; two separate Guṭhī Kharca Aḍḍās managed the śrī 5 sarkāra guṭhīs and the śrī 3 sarkāra guṭhīs.
iṣṭadevatā	[S.] n. chosen deity, patron deity of a person or group.
jinsī	var. jinīsī, jinīs, jīṃsī; a thing, article, commodity or goods for purchase and sale (Wilson 1855: 240 s.v. Jins). Payment of revenue in kind in contradistinction to that which is paid in cash (nagada).
kalaśa	[S.] var. kalasa; n. water vessel, jar, usually smaller than a ghaḍā.
kharadāra / kharidāra	[fr. P.] var. kharīdāra, ṣaridāra; n. secretary, official scribe, office superintendent (cf. Kumar 1967: 166).
kharuvā	var. khaḍuvā, kharūvā; n. coarse red cotton cloth.
khillata	[fr. A] n., var., khlilla, khillat: robes or decoration of honor conferred on a dependent. “Robes. Apparel of honour.“ (Adhikari 1984: 351 ); "robes of honor conferred on a dependent" (Michael 2012: 132); a ceremonial silk or cotton robe, which is richly adorned and given as a sign of highly respected hounour guests or other persons. They are also considered as gifts awarded in return for service from tributary states.
kubhiṇḍo	var. kubīṃḍo, kubhīḍo; n. ash gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), eatable and typically used in the context of blood sacrifice.
kuladevatā	[S.] n. family deity, patron deity of a lineage.
kuruvā	var. kurvā; 1) n. volumetric unit equivalent to two mānās, or 20 muṭhīs. 2) a brazen vessel for measuring two mānās.
mānā	n. a volumetric unit equivalent to 0.568 litres, or 1/8 of a pāthi.
maulo	[fr. S.] n. 1) post to which sacrificial animals are tied for decapitation (cf. Karmacharya 2001: 325); 2) post to which elephants are tied.
mohararupaiyā̃	var. mohararupaiyām, mohararūpaiyā, moharaṭaṃkā (New.); often abbreviated as moru, morū, moharu, moharū, moharru, mohorru; n. monetary unit based on and equivalent to two eight-anna silver coins (moharas); in calculations usually broken down into four sukās, 16 ānās or 64 paisās (cf. Pant and Pierce 1989: 93) or 256 dāmas; the exchange ratio with paisās was calculated differently at different times and in different parts of the kingdom, depending on the relative values of silver and copper, ranging between 52 and 80 paisās (Regmi 1982: 73). In documents sums are represented in four numerical fractions, with the rupaiyā represented by numbers; the sukās by one to three daṇḍas or the avagraha sign representing zero; the ānās by one to three diagonal dashes, sometimes as a loop with two or three jags; the paisās again by daṇḍas or numbers; the dāmas by numbers or horizontal dashes.
mukhiyā	var. mukhīyā, muṣiyā, muṣīyā; n. a designation for an administrative post used at the local, district and central level. At the local level mukhiyās functioned as village headmen and revenue functionaries (Pant and Pierce 1989: 93; M.R. Pant 2002: 134; cf. M.C. Regmi 1988: 269). District headmen were also called mukhiyās. In the central administration, mukhiyās were writers who kept accounts or supervised officials of lower ranks (Edwards 1975: 107 ; cf. M.C. Regmi 1978: 228 ; M.C. Regmi 1978: 862 ; Kumar 1967: 16).
nāyaba	[fr. A.] var. nāeva, nāaiva; adj. deputy, assistant.
niśāna / niśānā / nisāna / nisānā	[fr. P.] var. nisān, nīsān; n. 1) mark, sign, landmark. 2) standard, banner, military colours (Chaulagain 2013: 248; Stiller 1981: 381; Whelpton 1991: 285). 3) banner carried in front of an army unit, worshipped daily by the officer who carries it and especially during the Dasaĩ festival (Chaulagain 2013: 180-183).
paccīsaganḍī	n. coinage system according to which 25 ganḍās are equal to one rupee, in contrast to the sohragaṇḍī system (Walsh 1908: 693–694).
paisā	n. 1) money. 2) in the early Śāha period: monetary unit, one-fourth of an ānā, consisting of four dāmas with 64 paisās in 1 rūpaiyā̃. 3) in the Rāṇā period: monetary unit with 100 paisās in 1 rūpaiyā̃.
pañcaratna	[S.] n. "five jewels", set of five precious stones / gems (pearls, diamonds, garnet, sapphire and corals) used as standard ingredient in rituals, typically in the form of ground powder.
pāthī	var. pāthi; n. 1) a volumetric unit equivalent to 4.546 litres comprising of 8 mānās with 20 pāthīs in one muri. 2) a container for grains having a volume of one pāthī.
pāu	var. pāva; n. 1) measurement of weight, equal to 20 (in some lists between 17 and 19) tolās, 1/4th of a sera, 1/12th of a dhārnī. 2) measurement of length (25cm).
pote	var. poṭe; n. woman's necklace, typically made of glass beads, part of the saubhāgyasāmāna.
purjī	[fr. P. purja] var. purji, pūrjī; n. 1) slip of paper, note. 2) formal letter written by a government institution or an official to another institution or to a person.
pūrṇimānta	n. a scheme of reckoning time in lunar months according to which months end on the full-moon day (pūrṇimā) so that waning fortnights precede waxing ones; in Nepal normally used in Vikrama Samvat (VS) era dates of the Śāha period.
rekhī	n. pattern of lines drawn with powdered substances on the ground as support of ritual implements and around the sacrificial fire.
sanada	var. sanad; n. a regulation, order, decree or certificate of appointment, esp. from the prime minister (prāimaminisṭara yaṇḍa kamyāṇḍara ina cipha) or the commander-in-chief general (kamyāṇḍara ina cipha janarala); "government orders" (Karmacharya 2001: 327).
saubhāgyasāmāna	n. lit. "material of maritial felicity"; set of items used in worship and associated with the married non-widowed woman, including items such as a mirror (ainā), comb (kā̃giyā), a beauty box (baṭṭā), gājala, sindūra, necklace (pote), bangles (curā) and red ribbons (dhāgo or dori); also saubhāgyadravya.
savāla	n. 1) an enquiry. 2) a set of directives issued especially for the administrative purposes. Contrary to a sanada which is applicable to general public, a savāla refers to rules within a particular organization or an administrative unit (see Siṃha 1981 sv svāla. 3) rules and regulations enacted based on an existing law; administrative regulations (Adhikari 1984: 356; Karmacharya 2001: 328).
śilāpatra	var. silāpatra, sīlāpatra; n. stone deed, stone inscription.
sohraganḍī	var. sorhagaṃḍī n. coinage system according to which 16 ganḍās are equal to one rupee, in contrast to the paccīsagaṇḍī system (Walsh 1908: 693–694).
śrī 3 mahārājā	var. māhārāja, mahārāja. lit. "thrice venerable great king"; title referring to the Rāṇā prime minister. On August 6 1856, King Surendra, through a lālamohara, conferred upon Jaṅga Bahādura the title of mahārāja of Kaski and Lamjung (cf. Agrawal 1976: 10). The title was subsequently passed on to all Rāṇā prime ministers.
śrī 3 sarkāra	lit. "three-times venerable ruler"; title used by the Rāṇā prime ministers (cp. Whelpton 2005: 266).
sukā	var. sukī; n. monetary unit worth one fourth of a rupee, i.e. half of a silver mohara, and comprising four ānās; in documents the second of the four usual monetary fractions of the system based on the rupee, usually represented by either the avagraha-shaped sign for zero or one to three daṇḍas.
tāmāpatra / tāmrapatra	var. tā̃bāpatra, tāvāpatra; n. copperplate deed, copperplate inscription; see also moharatāmrapatra.
tapasila	[fr. A.] var. tapasīl, tapasīlā, tapsīl; n. particulars, details; can be a self-sustained document, but is more often appended as a list after the narratio of documents.
toraṇa / torana	var. toraṇ, toran; n. 1) (ornamented) arched gateway. 2) festoon of flowers, leaves and colored cloth hung over gates and on walls on festive occasions.
uparnā	n. particular scarf worn as an upper garment, typically by Brahmins during rituals.
uprānta	var. uprāṃta, ūprāṃnta, ūprā̃nta, prāṃta; also yathocita uprānta; conj. after that, besides, in addition to, hereafter. In earlier prose and official documents, this word marked the beginning of a text or paragraph. It has no equivalent in English (Clark 1989: 231). In some (mostly Rāṇā period?) documents, it takes the form of yathocita uprānta.

Bibliography

Parājulī, Kṛṣṇaprasāda et al. (ed.). VS 2067 [2010]. Nepālī Bṛhat Śabdakośa. 7th ed. Kathmandu: Nepāla Prajñāpratiṣṭhāna.
Walsh, Ernest H . 1908. "The Coinage of Nepal." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 670 - 758.
Zotter, Christof. 2018. Asketen auf Zeit: das brahmanische Initiationsritual der Bāhun und Chetrī im Kathmandu-Tal. Heidelberg: CrossAsia-eBooks. https://doi.org/10.11588/xabooks.316.440.