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A letter from the Mahārājagaṃja Gośvārā Tahabila Aḍḍā formalizing a lokābhāra lease contract for villages in the Doce sector of Aṭhāra Saya Kholā (VS 1993)

ID: L_1200_0009I


Edited and translated by Rajendra Shakya in collaboration with Rabi Acharya
Created: 2019-07-08; Last modified: 2023-01-24
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Published by Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities: Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal, Heidelberg, Germany, 2020. Published by the courtesy of the National Archives, Kathmandu. The copyright of the facsimile remains with the Nepal Rashtriya Abhilekhalaya (National Archives, Government of Nepal). All use of the digital facsimiles requires prior written permission by the copyright holder. See Terms of Use.
The accompanying edition, translation/synopsis and/or commentary are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License CCby-SA.

Abstract

This letter from the Mahārājagaṃja Gośvārā Tahabila formalizes a lokābhāra lease contract for 20 villages towards the Doce sector of the Aṭhāra Saya Kholā region in the name of Chiriṅ Īndu Khunu, detailing the amounts to be submitted by the contractor in cash and kind for each village.



Diplomatic edition

[1r-part1]

1श्रीः­\

[Seal of Mahārājagaṃja Gośvārā Tahabila]

1स्वस्ति­श्रीमाहाराजगंजगोश्वारातहवील्‌अडाकस्य­¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯
2आगे­ङावां­सुव्वाको­नाती­छाङ्‌वा­सुवाको­छोरा­पश्चीम्‌­२­नं­ईलाका­१८­सय़े­षोला­प्रो
3कगाऊ­
वस्ने­∙वर्ष­३२­को­छीरीङ्‌­ईन्दु ­षुनुके­श्री­प­क­ज­∙मोहन­सम्सेर­जङ्ग­वाहादुर­राणाका­षां
4गीमा­दरीय़ाको­पश्चीं­१।२­नं­१८­सय़े­षोलाको­दोचेतर्फ­२०­गाऊ­र­गाडेतर्फ­२३­गाऊ­९०­सालसम्म­
5तावेदारहरुले­छुट्टाछुट्टै­लोकाभाराको­ठेकापट्टा­लीय़ाकोमा­९१­सालका­वालीलाई­गाडे­दोचे­दुव़ै­
6गाभी­दार्षा­सालदुड्‌वस्न्ये­भवनाथ­हीरन्य­प्रसाद­सींषडाहरुले­कवुल­गरी­लिय़ाको­९२।९३­सालला
7ई­अडावाट­डोर­षटाई­तहसिल्‌­गरेकाले­∙य़ो­९४­सालका­वालीलाई­सावीक­अंकमा­∙दोचेतर्फको­
8२०­गाऊ­∙म­∙छिरीं­ईन्दुका­नाऊमा­गाडेतर्फको­२३­गाऊ­∙म­जीतवाहादुरका­नाऊमा­लोकाभाराको­
9छुट्टाछुट्टै­पट्टा­कवुलीय़ेत्‌­गरीपाऊ­भनी­∙तीमीहरुले­श्री­ले­ज∙­शंकर­सम्सेर­जङ्ग­वाहादुर­राणाका­
10हजुर्मा­वींतीपत्र­चढाऊदा­∙सो­षुव़ा­जगा­९१­साल्‌मा­ठेका­लाग्दा­कवुल्‌­भय़ाको­९२­साल्‌मा­दोर­तह
11सील­हुदा­∙असुल­नभय़ाको­वंदेल­र­∙नीरवेसी­रकंको­रुपैञा­स्मेत्‌­वुझाऊने­कवुल­गर्छ­र­गाडे­दोचे­गाऊ­फु
12टाई­कवुल­गरेकोमा­पछी­दुव़ै­गाऊ­मीलाई­ठेक्का­लीन्छु­असल­गाऊ­ली­∙कंसल्‌­गाऊ­छाड्ने­छैन­भंने­

[1r-pt2]


13कवुलिय़ेत्‌­लेषीदीन्छ­भने­सावीकमा­∙गाडे­दोचे­य़कै­पट्टा­भै­आय़ाको­हो­तापनी­सावीक्‌­९२­
14साल्‌का­लगत्‌­वमोजीं­तपसिलका­नगदी­जीन्सीको­ठेक­अंकमा­कवुल­गराई­९३­साल्‌मा­तहसि
15ल­हुदा­∙वढनु­आय़े­सो­वढेको­स्मेत्‌­सकार­गरी­वुझाऊछु­भंने­वोली­पारी­दोचेतर्फको­२०­गाऊ­
16कवुल्‌­गर्ने­छींरीङ्‌­ईन्दुको­र­गाडेतर्फको­२३­गाऊ­कवुल­गर्ने­जीत्‌­वाहादुर­कार्की­छेतृको­स्मेत्‌­जो­
17चाहीने­वेहोराको­कवुलिय़ेत्‌­गराई­ली­∙९४­साल्‌­वर्ष­१­लाई­नीजहरुका­नाऊमा­छुट्टाछुट्टै­ठेक्कापट्टा­
18गरीदीनु­भंने­∙य़ेस्‌­अडाका­नाऊमा­भय़ाका­दस्षत्‌को­सीरमा­∙नीरवेसी­रकंको­नगदी­२५­र­∙नीरवेसी­
19धार्नि­१को­रु­१०|­स्मेत्‌­ज्मा­मोरु­३५|­अमानत­तहसिल­हुदा­∙तहसिल­भै­नआय़ेकोले­सो­मोरु­३५।­
20घटाई­दी­∙७­दीन­म्याद­स्मेत्‌­नटास्ने­गरी­सदर­भंने­तोक­थपी­९३­साल्‌­फागुण­१९­गते­३­मा­सदर­भ
21य़ा­वमोजीम्‌­∙दोचेतर्फ­∙तपसिल्‌का­गाऊ­२०­को­तपसिल्‌­वमोजीम्‌­ठेक्‌­नगदी­मोरु­४१८८|२०­
22र­जीन्सी­∙कस्तुरी­वीना­१७­पाषी­गोटा­१३­नुन­मुरी­३|१०|४­स्मेत्‌­∙९४­साल्‌­माघ­मैह्नाभरमा­वुझाऊ
23ने­गरी­सो­ठेक­वापत्‌मा­सर्दार्‌­पक्ष­वीक्रम्‌­साहा­कांतीपुर­कालधारालाई­धंज्मानी­दी­कवुली
24य़ेत्‌­लेषी­कवुल­गरेको­हुनाले­∙सो­षुव़ा­जगाको­ईस्तक्‌­सम्वत्‌­१९९४­साल्‌­वैसाष­१­गते­दे
25षी­चैत्र­मसांततक्‌­वर्ष­१­लाई­∙सीवाय़े­श्रीराजअंक­कल्याणधन­धर्माधीकार­पंचषत्‌­रह
26ता­वहता­उडंता­गडंता­रकमी­घरको­झारा­जलकर­वतकर­वेदर्ता­रकं­कलं­वाहेक्‌­सावीक्‌­दरी­
27चली­आय़े­वमोजीम्‌­व़ाजवी­सेर्मा­साऊनेफागु­घरगती­ठेक्‌­दरी­चली­आय़ाका­रकं­कलं­गैह्र­र­अैं­
28वमोजीम्‌­∙डंडकुंड­मर्‍यो­अपुताली­मारीमेटी­स्मेत्‌­∙वेमाजरै­तपसिल्‌का­गाऊगाऊको­तपसि
29ल्‌­वमोजीम्‌को­ठेक्‌­नगदी­मोरु­४१८८|२०­चार­हजार­य़ेक­सय़े­अठासी­रुपैञा­वीस­पैसा­जीन्सी­

[1r-pt3]


30कस्तुरी­वीना­१७­पाषी­गोटा­१३­तेह्र­नुन्‌­मुरि­३|१०|४­तिं­मुरी­दस­पाथी­चार­माना­स्मेत्‌­९[...]­
31साल­माघ­मैह्नाभरमा­चुक्ती­पारी­वुझाऊनु­भाषा­कीस्ता­नाघ्यो­भने­नगदी­रुपैञाको­कीस्ता
32षिलापी­सुद­स्मेत्‌­र­जीन्सीको­पाय़े­जीन्सी­नै­र­नपाय़े­सावीक्‌­दर­[?]कोमा­सो­वमोजीम्‌­र­दर­
33नषुलेकोमा­य़ेस­अडालाई­भय़ाका­दरभाऊ­वमोजीम्‌­नगदी­नै­वुझाऊनु­⟪पर्ला­⟫सो­षु़वा­जगा­९३­सा
34ललाई­अमानत्‌­तहसील­हुनगय़ेकोमा­∙हाल­तीमीले­कवुल­गरेको­अंक­नगदी­जीन्सी­भंदा­वढा
35ई­तहसिल्‌­गरे­∙जुं­कलंमा­जे­जती­वढ­हुन­आऊछ­सो­वढ­स्मेत्‌­माथी­लेषीय़ाका­भाषा­कीस्तामा­
36चुक्ती­पारी­वुझाऊनु­९४­साल्‌­वर्ष­१­लाई­दोचेतर्फ­२०­गाऊ­तीमीले­र­गाडेतर्फ­२३­गाऊ­जी
37त­वाहादुर­कार्कि­छेतृले­कवुल­गरी­लगे­वमोजीं­अरु­सालमा­लीदा­पनी­सो­दुवै­गाऊ­तीमीहरु­
38दुव़ैजनाले­कवुल्‌­गरी­लीनुपर्छ­असल­गाऊ­मात्र­कवुल­गरी­कंसल्‌­गाऊ­छोड्न­पाऊदैन­
39जगामा­गै­रस्ती­चलाई­वस्ति­वसाई­गाऊघर­अवाद­गुलजार­राषी­अैं­वमोजीम्‌­जाई­गर्नु­वीजा
40ई­वीद्दुत्‌­नगर्नु­श्री­देवदेवताका­जात्रा­दसैपुजा­मामुली­षर्च­स्मेत्‌­केही­गर्नुपर्ने­रहेछ­भने­पनी­
41सावीक्‌­वमोजीम्‌­कत्ती­नघटाई­ठेक­वाहेक्‌­चलाऊनु­∙कवुल­वमोजीम्‌को­रुपैञामा­दैवी­परी­वा­जगा
42वाट­उठेन­भनेपनी­कौनै­कुरामा­य़ेक­दाम्‌­मीह्नामोजरा­पाऊने­छैन­∙मामिला­मुद्दा­ईन्साफ­
43गर्दा­∙अैं­वमोजीम्‌­जाई­गर्नु­वीजाई­वीद्दुत्‌­र­नञा­रकंकलं­नलगाऊनु­∙लेषिय़ा­वमोजीम्‌­नगरी­घ
44टीवढी­पारी­घुस­रोसवत­सरसलामी­षाई­हक्‌­कुरा­छोडी­वेहक्‌मा­रैती­दुनिञालाई­नञा­रकंकलं­
45लगाई­वीजाई­वीद्दुत्‌­गरी­दुष­दीयो­भनी­कोही­रैतीहरुले­कराऊन­आय़ो­र­ठहर्‍यो­भने­अैं­वमो
46जीम्‌­∙तीमी­आफैले­नै­वुझाऊन­पर्ला­भनी­१­साला­ठेक्काको­वाहाली­पट्टा­पुर्जि­गरी­दीञ्यूं­

[1r-pt4]


47आफ्ना­षातीर­ज्मासंग­ठेक्‌­ईजारा­जानी­जगा­चलं­गर­¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯
48तपसिल­

[table1-part1]

1असामी­नगदी­मोरू­जीन्सी­
2मोरू­३०|­दर्को­
 कस्तुरी­वीना­
मोरू­५|­दर्को­
 पाथी­गोटा­
नुन्‌­मुरी­
3सोलु­भंने­नीलु­गाऊ­१­को­२७२|९१­१­१­|४­
4ञीलु­भंने­∙छीलु­गाऊ­१­को­२८८|४४­१­१­|४|४­
5मार्फुक्‌­भंने­∙फुर्पे­गाऊ­१­को­२७५|२४­१­१­|४|४­
6फुर्पीं­भंने­∙वुर्सि­गाऊ­१­को­२८|७५­
7छुट्टा­गाऊ­भंने­∙ङाक्‌­गाऊ­१­को­१५४|८९­१­१­|१­
8पारो­गाऊ­१­को­४१३|७७­१­१­|८­
9पार्छु­गाऊ­१­को­८०|६९­१­१­|२­
10लुदु­गाऊ­१­को­८८|९७­१­१­|२­
11सीपचे­गाऊ­१­को­११३|३०­१­१­|३|४­
12ताजु­गाऊ­१­को­१०६|५७­१­१­|२|४­
13चुमली­गाऊ­१­को­७६|५४­१­१­|१|४­

[1r-pt5]

[table1-part2]

14नेपा­गाऊ­भंने­मेपा­गाऊ­१­को­६९|८­१­१­|∙|४­
15भोलाक्‌­भंने­भलाक्‌­गाऊ­१­को­७०|३४­१­१­|∙|४­
16नैपा­गाऊ­भंने­टोपा­गाऊ­१­को­११३|८२­१­को­१को­|२|४­
17रुईवोट्‌­गाऊ­१­को­२३३|८३­१­
18सामा­गाऊ­१­को­३६७|२३­१­|७|४­
19ली­गाऊ­भंने­∙लो­गाऊ­१­को­३८४|६­१­|७|४­
20छा­गाऊ­१­को­३५७|८२­|५|४­
21प्रो­गाऊ­१­को­३१४|१४­१­|५|४­
22वी­गाऊ­१­को­३७७|८१­|७|४­
23४१८८|२०­१७­१३­३|१०|४­

49ईती­सम्वत्‌­१९९३­साल्‌­फागुण­२१­गते­रोज­५­शुभं­

Translation

[1r]

Śrī

[Seal of the Mahārājagaṃja GosvārāTahabila]

Hail! A letter from the Mahārājagaṃja Gośvārā Tahabila Aḍḍā

Āge: To Chiriṅ Īndu Khunu, 32, son of ChāṅvāSubbā and grandson of Ṅāvāṃ Subbā, resident of Prok village of the Aṭhāra Saya Kholā region in West No. 2 disctict.

Up till the year [VS 19]90 (1933 CE) the 20 villages towards the Doce sector and 23 villages towards the Gāḍe sector of the Aṭhāra Saya Kholā region in West Nos. 1 and 2 [respectively?] 1 that are registered as khānagīs of Śrī Commanding General of the Western Front Mohana Śamśera Jaṅga Bahādura Rāṇā were leased separately by subservient persons (tābedāra) as lokābhāra contracts. For crop of the year [VS 19]91 (1934 CE) both Gāḍe and Doce sectors were combined and [jointly] taken on lease by Bhavanātha [and] Hiraṇya Prasāda Siṃkhaḍā, residents of Dārkhā Salāduḍ. As for the years [VS 19]92/93 (1935/36 CE), the collection [of revenue] was done by a team of officers (ḍora) deputed [to the two areas].

As you two have made a petition to Śrī Lieutenant General Śaṅkara Śamśera Jaṅga Bahādura Rāṇā, requesting: “Let there be separate lease contracts in the name of me, Chiriṅ Īndu, for 20 villages towards the Doce sector, and in the name of me, Jīta Bahādura, for 23 villages towards the Gāḍe sector, with the usual rate for the crops of [VS 19]94 (1937 CE),” [he has sent the following instructions:]

"In the case where [both Chiriṅ and Jīta Bahādura] agree to submit the amount due of bandela(?)2 and nirabesī(?)3 rakama as well, which was agreed to be paid [by Bhavanātha and Hiraṇya Prasāda] when the said khuvā land was leased [to them] in the year [VS 19]91, but [was not paid by them and] failed to be collected by the team of officers deputed to make collection in the year [VS 19]92, and if [both Chiriṅ Īndu and Jīta Bahādura] give their consent in writing to accept a lease contract with both sectors (lit. "villages") combined together later, even though a contract has been offered with Gāḍe and Doce sectors (lit. "villages") separately [for this year,] and [pledge that] they will not leave out villages of low grade and accept only villages of high grade, then, even though it is the usual practice to lease out Gāḍe and Doce sectors under a single contract, formalize a separate lease contract of one year for the year [VS 19]94 (1937 CE) in the name of Chiriṅ Īndu, who accepts 20 villages towards the Doce sector and in the name of Jīta Bahādura Kārkī Chetrī, who accepts 23 villages towards the Gāḍe sector in accordance with the regular lagata of the year [VS 19]92, getting them to accept, [within] the contract, making payment at the same stated [rate] in cash and kind as mentioned in the tapasila below [for each village], and also making them state: 'In the case where there is an increment [in the amount required to be collected] within the duration of the year [VS 19]93, we shall accept and submit the said increment as well,' and get [both of them to sign] a deed of lease, stating other necessary details.

"In accordance with the authorization (daskhata) issued4 in the name of this aḍḍā, formalize a lease contract for 20 villages mentioned below situated towards the Doce sector at 4,188 mohararupaiyā̃s 20 paisā in cash, along with 17 musk pods, 13 pākhīs and 3 murīs, 10 pāthīs 4 mānās of salt in kind, which are to be submitted within the month of Māgha in the year [VS 19]94 (1938 CE). [However,] there shall be an exclusion (lit. "reduction") of 35 mohararupaiyā̃s 1 sukā, since a total of 35 mohararupaiyā̃s 1 sukā, which comprises a cash sum of 25 [mohararupaiyā̃s] as the nirabesī(?) rakama and 1 dhārnī of nirabesī (?) [worth] 10 mohararupaiyā̃s 1 sukā, was not collected when attempts were made to collect it under the amānata [system].

"In accordance with approval given on Tuesday, the 19th of Phālguṇa in the year [VS 19]93 (2 March 1937), [a line] shall be added for the sanction [of the lokābhāra lease contract] which shall state: ‘approved without a seven-day deadline notice having been posted.'

"As the deed of lease was accepted [by the contractors] by submitting collateral for the said lease contract to SardāraPakṣā Vikrama Śāha of Kāladhārā in Kāntipura (Kathmandu), the said land [registered as] khuvā [of the Commanding General of the Western Front Mohana Śamśera] shall, for a period of one year beginning from (istaka) the 1st of Vaiśākha to the end of Caitra of the [Vikrama era] year 1994, receive a complete exemption on [all liabilities]—the scheduled sermā, sāune phāgu, household (gharagatī?)5 leases, registered customary taxes and levies (rakamakalama) and the like, and also, in accordance with the Ain, on daṇḍakuṇḍa and maryo-aputālī; but not on rāja-aṅka, kalyānadhana, dharmādhikārapañcakhata, arrearages (rahatā, bahatā, uḍaṃtā, gaḍaṃtā)6 , jhārā levies on rakamī households, jalakara7 , vatakara8 , [and] unregistered customary taxes and levies (rakamakalama).

"You shall submit within the month of Māgha in the [Vikrama era] year [19]9[4] in full a total sum of 4,188.20 mohararupaiyā̃s, [in words] four thousand one hundred eighty-eight rupees twenty paisas, in cash and 17 musk pods, 13 pākhīs and 3 murīs, 10 pāthīs, 4 mānās (three murīs, ten pāthīs, four mānās) of salt in kind as mentioned below for the villages listed. If [the deposit of] the instalment crosses the deadline, you shall have to pay interest as well as the cash instalment. Deposit the [said] goods themselves if those goods are available; if not, then you shall have to pay for the goods in cash at the going rate if the rate is known. If the rate is not known, you shall have to pay in cash at the rate available to this aḍḍā.

"Although [a certain amount] was collected under the amānata system in the year [VS 19]93 (1936 CE) for the said khuvā land, submit the above-mentioned instalment [in cash and kind within the] deadline in full, along with any increment [in the collection made] on any title (lit. 'column') if you manage to collect any revenue (aṅka) additional to what now you have agreed [to submit] in cash and kind. Both of you shall have to accept [a lease contract] for the said two sectors (lit. 'villages') while accepting [such contracts] also in the following years in the same manner as you have accepted the 20 villages towards the Doce sector and Jīta Bahādura Kārkī Kṣetrī has accepted the 23 villages towards the Gāḍe sector for the one year of [VS 19]94 (1937 CE). You shall not accept only high-grade villages and leave out low-grade villages.

"Go to the land [assigned] and oversee affairs, found settlements and make villages, households and crops flourish, and follow [thereby] the rules set by the Ain. Do not cause injury or oppression. Besides [the commitments] under the contract, in the case where there is a need to cover ordinary expenses for religious processions of the glorious deities or for worship during the Dasaĩ festival, you shall do so [from your own households] without any reduction in the previous outlay.

"You shall not receive remission of even a single dāma on the amount contracted to be paid for any reason, whether due to any natural disaster or that you failed to collect [what is due] on [lokābhāra] land. Follow the rules set by the Ain while adjudicating lawsuits and delivering justice. Do not cause injury or oppression or impose new levies.

"If you do not act in accordance with what is written here and go against it by taking bribes or embezzling sarsalāmī payments, disregarding rightful issues and unlawfully imposing and collecting new levies, or [otherwise] causing injury and oppression so as to make ryots suffer, and if any ryot comes to complain and [such wrongdoing] is proven, then you shall have to pay [the penalty] yourself in accordance with the Ain.

"We have thus signed a purjī [that formalizes] the contract that marks the commencement of a one-year lease. Be informed that it is a lease contract and tend the land with content."

Details (tapasila)

[table1]

Entry (asāmī)Mohararupaiyā̃s in cashGoods
Musk pods @ 30 mohararupaiyā̃sNo. of pākhī @ 5 mohararupaiyā̃sSalt in murīs
The 1 village of Nilu known as Solu272.91114 pāthīs
The 1 village of Chīlu known as Ñīlu288.44114 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Phurpe known as Mārphuk275.24114 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Bursi known as Phurapīṃ28.75---
The 1 village of Ṅāk known as Chuṭṭā Gāũ154.89111 pāthī
The 1 village of Pāro413.77118 pāthīs
The 1 village of Pārchu80.69112 pāthīs
The 1 village of Ludu88.97112 pāthīs
The 1 village of Sīpace113.30113 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Tāju106.57112 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Cumalī76.54111 pāthī 4 mānās
The 1 village of Mepā known as Nepā Gāũ69.[0]8114 mānās
The 1 village of Bhalāk known as Bholāk70.34114 mānās
The 1 village of Ṭopā known as Naipā Gāũ113.82112 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Ruiboṭ233.831--
The 1 village of Sāmā367.231-7 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Lo known as Lī Gāũ384.[0]61-7 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Chā357.82--5 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Pro (Prok?)314.141-5 pāthīs 4 mānās
The 1 village of Bī (Bihi?)377.81--7 pāthīs 4 mānās
[Total]4188.2017133 murīs, 10 pāthīs 4 mānās
Thursday, the 21st of Phālguṇa of the [Vikrama era] year 1993 (1937 CE). Auspiciousness.


Commentary

This letter from the Mahārājagaṃja Gośvārā Tahabila Aḍḍā formalizes a lokābhāra lease contract for 20 villages towards the Doce sector of the Aṭhāra Saya Kholā region in the name of Chiriṅ Īndu Khunu. A similar letter seems to have been issued in the name of Jīta Bahādura Kārkī Chetrī, who received a lokābhāra lease contract for 23 villages towards the Gāḍe sector of the same region, it being mentioned in the present letter that both Chiriṅ Īndu and Jīta Bahādura submitted collateral to Sardāra Pakṣā Vikrama Śāha of Kāladhārā in Kathmandu in order to obtain their lease contracts. Although the office Śāha served in is not obvious from the document, it is clear from his designation that he was a high-ranking officer. It appears there were certain high-ranking officers designated to accept, probably on behalf of the government, collateral from parties concluding lease contracts.

While most earlier documents dating from the late 1800s obtained from the area show that lokābhāra lease contracts were formalized by the holder of the khānagī himself, this one was formalized by a Gośvārā Tahabila Aḍḍā, the holder of the khānagī, Commanding General of the Western Front Mohana Śamśera, having seemingly been uninvolved in any of the process of leasing the lands allocated as his khuvā. Most of the earlier documents formalized lokābhāra contracts without requiring any collateral or the posting of a seven-day deadline notice. Even if the latter provision was not imposed in the present case, however, the contractors did have to submit collateral. Another fact this document bears witness to is that there was a practice of collecting levies by deputing a team of officers (ḍora) to places when there was no one else to officially do so and submit the sum to the concerned person.


Notes

1. Probably the villages towards the Doce sector fell into the West No. 1 region, while the villages towards the Gāḍe sector fell into the West No. 2 region. []

2. The term is unclear. []

3. The term is unclear. []

4. The authorization was probably sanctioned by Lieutenant General Śaṅkara Śamśera Jaṅga Bahādura Rāṇā, whom the two petitioned for separate contracts in their names. []

5. The term is unclear, but it probably is gharagantī, which means "counting of households" or "each household". []

6. See Regmi 1981: 56. []

7. Jalakara, as the name suggests, appears to be tax imposed on water, water resources or the produce of water (fish and the like). See Gopal 1965: 54-55. []

8. This term is also unclear. []