Documenta Nepalica

Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal

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A copy of a lālamohara from King Pṛthvī Vīra Vikrama re rituals for Śrī Kālikā of Gorkhā Palace (VS 1942)

ID: K_0120_0024

Edited and translated by Astrid Zotter in collaboration with Pabitra Bajracharya
Created: 2021-02-17; Last modified: 2021-07-13
For the metadata of the document, click here

Published by Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities: Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal, Heidelberg, Germany, 2021. Published by the courtesy of the National Archives, Kathmandu. The copyright of the facsimile remains with the Nepal Rashtriya Abhilekhalaya (National Archives, Government of Nepal). All use of the digital facsimiles requires prior written permission by the copyright holder. See Terms of Use.
The accompanying edition, translation/synopsis and/or commentary are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Abstract

The lālamohara of King Pṛthvī Vīra Vikrama of which this is a copy was issued to replace the original lālamohara issued by King Gīrvāṇayuddha in ŚS 1721 (1799 CE), as the latter had become unreadable. It confirms the endowment of the Purkoṭ territorial subdivision (thuma) measuring 13 khetas as a guṭhī to finance worship of the Śrī Kālī Māī of Gorkha during both Dasaĩ festivals and the other 22 aṣṭamī days. The guṭhī's annual income is fixed at 370.1.3.2 rupees. The guṭhī is to provide material items and emoluments as detailed in the appended particulars.

Diplomatic edition

[1r-part1]

1⟪6⟫

1श्रीकालीमाई
2१

1श्री५माहाराजधिराजगीर्वाण
2जुद्धविक्रमसाह
3२

1श्रीमदतीप्रच∙
2ण्ड∙भुजदण्डे∙
3त्यादीश्रीश्रीश्री∙
4महाराजरण∙
5उदीपसींहराणा∙
6वाहादुरकेसी∙
7ये़स्‌आईथो∙
8ङ्‌लीङ्‌पीम्मा
9कोकाङ्‌व़ाङ्‌
10स्यान्‌ प्राईम्‌∙
11मीनीष्ट‌रय़ा∙
12ण्डकम्यांडर∙
13ईनचीफ्‌∙
14३

1स्वस्तिश्रीगीरीराजचक्रचुडामणीनरनाराय़णेत्यादीवीवीधवीरुदावलीवीराजमानमानो
2न्नतश्रीमन्महाराजाधीराजश्रीश्रीश्रीमहाराजपृथ्वीवीरवीक्रमजङ्गवहादुरसाहवहादु
3रसम्सेरजङ्गदेवानांसदासमरवीजयीनाम्‌¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯
4आगेगोर्षाका¯ ¯१¯केसालीवाहनीय़साकेवीधुनय़नर्षिचंन्द्र१७२१मीतेप्रमोदनाम
5सम्वत्‌सरेश्रीसुर्य्येदक्षिणाये़नेआश्वीनमास्येकृष्नपछेअष्टम्यांपुण्यतीथौरवी
6वासरेआद्रानक्षेत्रेव्यतीपातयोग्येवालव:करणेगीरीशमुहुर्त्तेकंन्यारासीस्थि
7तेश्रीसुर्य्येमीथुनरासीस्थितेचन्द्रेदेवगुरौअनेयषुग्रहेषुयथास्थानस्थितेषुस
8त्सु¯ ¯२¯वाटगोर्षादसैघरको¯ ¯१¯प्रीतीगरीवर्षकोवडादसैचैत्रदसैअष्ट
9मी२२कादीनलेषीय़ावमोजींकोसराजाम्‌कत्तीनघटाईवाईसअष्टमीका
10पुजाचर्‍हाउनानीमीत्तसंकल्पगरीगुठीराषेकोतन्हौकाअम्वल∙मध्येपुर्कोट्‌थु
11म्‌१तस्कोसाधपुर्वमरस्यांदीपश्चीम्‌वसंतपुरकोसाधउत्तरचीतीषोलाकोसा
12धदक्षिनफाम्दीकालीमाटीषोलाकोसाधये़तीचारकीलाभीत्रपक्काव्राह्मन
13संन्यासीकावीर्तापौवाठाटीवाहेककोआम्दानीषेत्‌तेर्‍ह१३।तस्कोउवजनीधान
14मुरीचारसये़पंध्र४१५ताकेदरमुरी२लेरुपैञा∙दुईसये़सर्‍हेसात२०७॥घ्यूषा
15नीनगदरुपैञा३२॥घरवारीषोरीय़ामाझीकुमाल्‌कोमहसुलजलकरस्मेत्‌∙
16सेर्माज्मारुपैञा११९।///॥साउन्याफागुव़लक्‌रुपैञा११सवैज्मारुपैञा∙ती
17नसये़सतरीसार्‍हैसातआना३७०।///॥दर्वारवाटमुलुकमाराजअंककलमला
18ग्छये़सजगाकोकलम्‌असुलगरीदेवतालाईछअकास्‌षेतीधर्माधीकार∙
19डंडकुंडमर्‍योअपुतालीउडंतागडंतापनीदेवतैलाईये़तीजगाकाउत्पन्नले∙
20तपसीलमाफीककोसराजाम्‌कत्तिनघताईगुठीय़ारलेसराजामदीनुपुजाहा
21रीलेपुजागर्नुकदाचीत्‌ये़सगुठीमादेव़ागत्‌परीआय़ागुठीय़ारलेदर्वारआ
22ईभारदारमार्फट्‌वींन्तीगरीलेषीय़ावमोजीम्‌सराजामपुर्‍याउनुयेसगुठी
23मालोभगर्न्यालाईसासनापापरसंभारगर्न्यालाईपुण्यतावापत्रमासव
24कुराकोवीस्तारलेषेकोछसोमाफीक्‌गर्नुभंन्यालालमोहरभयाकोसोलाल
25मोहरजीर्नभैअंकअछेरकुचीनवुझीन्याहुनालेसोवमोजींअर्कोगरीदीनुभं
26न्याहुकुम्‌वक्स्याकोहोलालमोहरभय़ाकोछैनलालमोहरगरीवक्स्याहुने∙
27हो∙भनीठेकदारडीठ्ठारेस्मीराजजैसीले¯ ¯३¯रश्रीमद्राजकुमारकुमा
28रातमजश्रीकम्यांडरईनचीफ्‌जनरलजीत्‌जंङ्‌वहादुरराणामार्फट्‌हाम्रा

[1r-part2]

1 [Seal with the legend: श्री मेहेर्मा ५१]

1सकलवमोजिंनकल्‌दुरुष्टछभनीसहीछापगर्‍याषरीडारमेहेर्मासीं

29हजुरमावीन्तीपार्दासालीवाहनीयशाकेवीधुनयनर्षीचन्द्र१७२१मीतेप्रमोद
30नामसम्वत्‌सरेश्रीसुर्य्येदक्षीणाये़आश्वीनमासेकृस्नपछेअष्टम्यांपुण्यती∙
31थौरवीवासरेआरद्रानछेत्रेव्यतिपातयोगेवालवकरणेगीरीशमुहुर्तेकं∙
32न्यारासीस्थितेश्रीसुर्य्येमीथुन्‌रासीस्थीतेचन्द्रेदेवगुरौअन्न्यषुग्रहेषुय़था∙
33स्थानस्थितेषुसत्सु¯ ¯२¯ज्यूज्यूवाज्याज्यूवाटगोर्षादसैघरका¯ ¯१¯
34प्रीतीगरीवर्षकोवडादसैचैतेदसैअष्टमी२२कादीनलेषीयावमोजींका∙
35सराजाम्‌कत्तीनघटाईवाईसअष्टमीकापुजाचर्‍हाउनानीमीत्तसंकल्प
36गरीराषेकोतन्हौकाअम्वलमध्येपुर्कोट्‌थुम्‌१तस्कोसाधपुर्वमर्स्याडी∙
37पश्चीम्‌वसंतपुरकोसाधउत्तरचीतीषोलाकोसाधदक्षिणफामदी
38कालीमाटीषोलाकोसाधये़तीचारकीलाभीत्रपक्काव्राह्मन∙संन्यासीका
39वीर्तापौव़ाथाटीवाहेक्‌कोआम्दानीषेत्‌ज्मातेर्‍ह१३।तस्कोउपजनीधान∙
40मुरीचारसये़पंध्र४१५ताकेदरमुरी२लेरुपैञादुईसये़साढेसात२०७॥∙घ्यू∙
41षानीनगदीरुपैय़ा३२॥घरवारीषोरीय़ामाझीकुमालकोमहसुलजलकर
42स्मेत्‌सेर्माज्मारुपैञा११९।///॥साउनेफागुव़लकरुपैञा११सवैज्मारुपै
43ञातीनसयेसतरीसार्‍हेसातआना३७०।///॥दर्वारवाटमुलुकमाराजअंक
44कलंलाग्छये़स्‌जगाकोकलम्‌असुलगरीदेवतालाईछअकास्‌षेती∙
45धर्माधीकारडंडकुंड∙मर्‍यो∙अपुतालीउडंतागडंतापनीदेवातालाईछये़ती
46जगाकाउत्पन्नलेतपसीलमाफीक्‌कोसराजामकत्तीनघताईगुठीय़ारले∙
47सराजामदीनुपुजागर्नुकदाचीत्‌ये़सगुठीमादैवागत्‌परीआय़ागुठीय़ारले
48दर्वारआईभारादारमार्फट्‌वींन्तीपारीलेषीय़ावमोजीम्‌सराजाम्‌पुर्‍या
49उनुये़सगुठीमालोभगर्न्यालाईसासनापापरसंभारगर्न्यालाईपुण्यता
50वापत्र∙मासव्‌कुराकोवीस्तारलेषेकोछसोमाफीकगर्नुभंन्याअघीभय़ा∙
51कोलालमोहरजीर्नभैअंकअछेरकुचीनवुझन्याहुनालेसोवमोजीम्‌
52हाम्रावर्ष१०काउमेरहुदाअर्कोलालमोहरगरीवक्स्यौ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯

[1r-part3]

53तपसील

[table1]

1	वडादसैकोपुजाकोसराजामकोरुपैञा				९६।///॥
2	श्रीदेवताकेभेटिरु	१	प्रसादवादनाकेवतीवालनाके∙ पीताहात५केरु∙
3	श्रीगणेस्‌केभेटिरु	॥∙	प्रसादवादनाकेवतीवालनाके∙ पीताहात५केरु∙	।∙
4	पगरीथान१के	१।∙	तेलधार्नी१केरु	॥∙
5	नरीव़ल१के	//	कंन्याभांसेव्राह्मनीकेरु	।∙
6	चोलागुलवदन्‌हात१॥केरु	१॥∙	दालपाथी२केरु	///
7	लहगाकेकासीव़ाल्‌अतल सपाट्‌थान१केरु	७॥∙	नुन्‌माना२केरु	//॥∙
8	लहगाकेकासीव़ाल्‌अतल सपाट्‌थान१केरु	७॥∙	वेसारमाना१केरु	ऽ।∙
9	सारीकेधुलकपुरगोटाप ट्टीस्मेत्‌हात५के	४	आमीलोमाना१के	/
10	सारीकेधुलकपुरगोटाप ट्टीस्मेत्‌हात५के	४	दारुव़ाभारी४केरु	//
11	दोपट्टा१केरु	५	अलैचीकेरु	///
12	कस्तुरीवीना१के	३	सवकामकावरनीकेसुपारीगो टा६३केरु	///॥∙
13	चीनीधार्नी१के	१	सवकामकावरनीकेसुपारीगो टा६३केरु	///॥∙
14	षड्गपुजाकेअछेताकेचा वलमुरी२केरु	५	गुजरातीसींदुरतोला१०के रु	।/
15	घ्यूधार्नी१केरु	१	गुंगुलधुपतोला।केरु	//
16	कुमारकेभेटीरु	॥∙	कपुरमासा२केरु	ऽ॥∙
17	कुमारकेपगरीथान्‌१केरु	१।∙	श्रीषंडतोला१०केरु	///॥।∙
18	कुमारकेजामापटुकापछौरा केअधरसाथान्‌१के	२।∙	रक्तचन्दन्‌तोला१०केरु	//
19	कुमारकेजामापटुकापछौरा केअधरसाथान्‌१के	२।∙	गोलचन्दन्‌मासा२केरु	//
20	पताकाकेलाल्‌अधरसा हात२२के	२॥।∙	कागेभेडा९केरू	१३॥∙
21	पताकाकेलाल्‌अधरसा हात२२के	२॥।∙	ठूलोवोका२केरु	८∙
22	पताकावाधनाकेपीताहा त१०केरु	॥∙	मेव़ामीष्टांगपानकेरु	॥।∙
23	पताकाकेसपेतअधरसा हात२२केरु	२।∙	चुरावाही२कांगे१वत्ता१ डोरी१अैना१गाजलपट्टी अवीदलीस्मेतके	॥∙
24	धोतीकेसपेट्‌कपडाहात ८केरु	१	पातकेरु	/॥∙
25	चण्डी[?]आवर्ती९के रुके	३।∙	माछाके	।∙
26	चण्डी[?]आवर्ती९के रुके	३।∙	केराके	।∙
27	श्रीगणेस्‌सहश्रनामआ वर्ती९केरु	१//	दहीके	।∙
	कंन्या९केपोसाषमाझा सफाहात४५केरु	८∙	हींजीरामेठीकेरु	।∙
29	कंन्या९केभेटीरु	४॥∙	नगराकेमसलाकेरु	ऽ॥∙
30	कंन्या९चोलोकामुश्रुहात १८केरु	७	वेलपत्रमाला२५के	∙
31	कंन्या९चोलोकामुश्रुहात १८केरु	७	कुभीडो९के	∙
32	कंन्या९केपछौराकेलाल नहमुडीहात४५केरु	५	मरीचकेतोला१०केरु	।\
33	कंन्यापुजागर्दाकल⟪स⟫के भेटि	//
34	¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

[1r-part4]

[table2-part1]

1	चैत्रदसैकोपुजाकेसराजामकेरुपैञा				५८।ऽ२
2	श्रीदेवताकेभेटीरु	१	मेव़ामीष्टांगपानके	॥∙
3	श्रीगणेस्‌केभेटीरु	॥∙	घ्यूसेर२केरु	॥∙
4	पगरीथान्‌१के	१।∙	चीनीधार्नी॥∙केरु	॥∙
5	नरीव़लकेरु	//	मरीजतोला५केरु	//॥∙
6	चण्डीपाठ्‌अवर्ती९केरु	२।∙	दारुव़ाभारी२केरु	/
7	गणेस्‌सहश्रनाम्‌अवर्ती ९केरु	१//	अलैचीके	//॥
8	चोलाकेगुलवदन्‌हात१॥∙ केरु	१॥∙	माछाके	/॥∙
9	चोलाकेगुलवदन्‌हात१॥∙ केरु	१॥∙	हींजीरामेथीकेरु	/
10	लहगाकासीव़ालथान्‌१ केरु	७॥∙	चाव़लपाथी।८केरु	१
11	सारीकेधुलकपुरगोटा पट्टीलागेकोहात५केरु	४	दालपाथी१के	/।
12	सारीकेधुलकपुरगोटा पट्टीलागेकोहात५केरु	४	नुन्‌माना१केरु	/।
13	दोपता१केरु	५	वेसारमाना१केरु	ऽ।∙
14	धोती२केसपेट्‌कपडाहात८ के	१	दहीकेरु	/॥∙
15	धोती२केसपेट्‌कपडाहात८ के	१	केराकेरु	/॥∙
16	कंन्या५केमाझासफाहात∙ २०केरु	३॥।∙	रक्तचंदनतोला२के	ऽ।२
17	कंन्या५केमाझासफाहात∙ २०केरु	३॥।∙	सुपारी∙३२केरु	/॥∙
18	कागेभेडा५केरु	७॥∙	श्रीषंडतोला२केरु	ऽ॥∙
19	कंने५केपछौराकेस्मेत्‌कप डाहात२०केरु	२॥∙	गुजरातीसीधुर∙तोला३केरु	/॥∙
20	कंन्या५केचोलाकेमश्रु हात१०केरु	४	पाटकेरु	/
21	कंन्या५केचोलाकेमश्रु हात१०केरु	४	अमीलो	ऽ॥∙
22	कंन्या५केभेटीकेरु	१।∙	कंन्याकाभान्स्याव्राह्मनी के	///
23	कुमार१केभेटीरु	।∙	कंन्याकाभान्स्याव्राह्मनी के	///
24	कुमारकोजामापछेउरापटु काकेअधरसाथान्‌१के	२।	चुरावाही२कांग्ये१दोरी१ अैना१गाजलपट्टीआ वीदुलीस्मेत् ‌के	॥∙
25	कुमारके∙पगरीथान्‌१के	१।∙	चुरावाही२कांग्ये१दोरी१ अैना१गाजलपट्टीआ वीदुलीस्मेत् ‌के	॥∙
26	पताकाकेलालअधरसाहात २२केरु	२॥।∙	नागराकामसालाकेरु	ऽ॥∙
27	पताकाकेलालअधरसाहात २२केरु	२॥।∙	कभींडो१केरु	∙

[1r-part5]

[table2-part2]

28	पताकाकेसपेत्‌अधरसाहात२२ केरु	२।∙	वेलपत्रमाला२के	∙
29	पताकावाधनाकेपीताहा त१०केरु	॥∙	प्रसादवाधनावत्तीवा लन्याकेपीताहात५ केरु	।∙
30	उं	X	प्रसादवाधनावत्तीवा लन्याकेपीताहात५ केरु	।∙
31	कंन्यापुजागर्दाकलसकेभे टीकेरु	/
32	¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

[table3]

1	अष्टमी१केमालाग्‌न्यापुजाकासराजाम्‌केरु				११।//३
2	श्रीदेवताकेभेतीरु	॥∙	सींधुरतोला२केरु	/
3	श्रीगणेस्‌केभेतीरु	।∙	श्रीषंडतोला१केरु	ऽ।∙
4	कंन्याकेभेटी	।∙	रक्तचन्दनतोला१केरु	ऽ///
5	कंन्याकाभांस्याव्राह्मनीके	//	सुपारीगोटा२१केरु	/
6	चंडीपाठ्‌आवर्ती९के	२।∙	पातकेरु	ऽ॥∙
7	गणेससहश्रनाम्‌∙आव र्ती९केरु	१//	दारुव़ाभारी∙॥∙केरु	ऽ।∙
8	धोती२के∙सपेतकपडाहा∙ त८केरु	१	चीनीमाना१केरु	///
9	धोती२के∙सपेतकपडाहा∙ त८केरु	१	अलैचीके	ऽ॥∙
10	कंन्याकोमाझासफाहात ४केरु	॥।∙	तेलमाना१केरु	/।∙
11	कंन्याकोमाझासफाहात ४केरु	॥।∙	हींजीराअमीलोकेरु	ऽ॥।∙
12	चोलाकेमश्रुहात२केरु	॥।∙	मरीजतोला२केरु	/
13	पछौरासपेतकपडाहात ४केरु	॥∙	केराके	ऽ।∙
14	घ्यूकेपल१२केरु	।∙	नगराकेमसालारु	ऽ॥∙
15	प्रसादवाधनावत्तीवाल न्याकेपीताहात२॥केरु	//	नुनमाना१के	/।∙
16	कागेभेडा१केरु	१॥∙	कुभिंडो१के	∙
17	चाव़ल्‌पाथी८केरु	१	वेलपत्रमाला२के	∙
18	दालपाथी१केरु	/।∙	माछाकेरु	१॥∙
19	दहीकेरु	ऽ॥∙	मेव़ामेष्टांगतोला १केरु	//
20	वेसारमाना१केरु	ऽ।∙	मेव़ामेष्टांगतोला १केरु	//
21	¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯		¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯
22	ये़सैवमोजीम्‌अष्टमी२२कोपुजाकोसराजाम्‌ज्मारुपैञा				२३९/॥।३

[table4]

1	य़ोगुठीकोगुठीय़ारकोरटहलगर्न्याहरुकाषान्गीकातपसील्‌
2	गुठीय़ार१केषांगी	द्वार्‍या१के
3	टहलुव़ा१के	अरुटहलुव़ाजना४के
4	¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯	¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯

54ईतीसम्वत्‌१९४२सालमीतीदुतीये़जेष्ठवदी४रोज[...][...]

Translation

[1r-part1]

[In the space above:]

Śrī Kālī Māī – 1

Fivefold Venerable Supreme King of Great Kings Gīrvāṇayuddha Vikrama Śāha (text: Gīrvāṇajuddha Vikrama Sāha) – 2

[In the left margin:]

He who is very mighty, has arms like a staff etc., the thrice venerable great king Raṇa Udīpa Sīṃha Rāṇā Bāhādura, KCSI , thoṅ-līṅ-pim-mā-ko-kāṅ-vāṅ-syān Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief – 3

[Main text:]

Hail! [A decree] of him who is shining with manifold rows of eulogy [such as] ‘The venerable crest-jewel of the multitude of mountain kings’ and Naranārāyaṇa (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa) etc., high in honour, the venerable supreme king of great kings, the thrice venerable great king Pṛthvī Vīra Vikrama Jaṅga Bahādura Śāha, the brave swordsman, the divine king always triumphant in war.

Āge: To [Śrī Kālī Māī]2 of Gorkhā

"In the year called pramoda,3 counted [as] 1721—[in words] moon (1), eyes (2), seers (7), moon (1)—in the Śaka [era] of Śrī Śālivāhana, when Śrī Sūrya (i.e. the sun) was on its southern course, in the month Āśvina, on the meritorious eighth lunar day (tithi) of the dark fortnight, on Sunday, when the nakṣatra was ārdrā, the yoga was vyatīpāta, the karaṇa was bālava, [and] the muhūrta was girīśa, while the sun was in Virgo, the moon in Gemini, [and] Jupiter and the other celestial bodies in their respective places,4 pleasing [Śrī Kālī Māī]5 of the dasaĩghara of Gorkha, the 1 subdivision (thuma) of Purkoṭ in the district (ambala) of Tanhau was established as a guṭhī by virtue of [Fivefold Venerable Supreme King of Great Kings Gīrvāṇayuddha Vikrama Śāha]6 having made a ritual declaration (saṃkalpa) to offer worship (pūjā) on [each] year's Baḍā Dasaĩ, Caite Dasaĩ (text: Caitra Dasai) [and the remaining] 22 aṣṭamī days, making no reductions of the material according to what is written [below]. Its borders [are]: the Marsyāṃdī [River] to the east, the border of [the neighboring thuma] Vasaṃtapura to the west, the border of the Cītī Kholā to the north [and] the Phāmdī [and]7 Kālīmāṭī Kholās to the south. The revenue [from] the 13, [in words:] thirteen, khetas within these four boundaries—except for the birtā land grants and rest-houses (pauvā ṭhā̃ṭī) of the genuine Brahmins and ascetics (saṃnyāsī)—[is]: its crop of 415 (four hundred fifteen) murīs of rice equalling 207½ (two hundred seven and a half) rupees, at a rate of 2 murīs per rupee; 32½ rupees in cash as a ghiu khāne levy; the homestead tax (sermā) together with the mahasula and jalakara levies from the Mājhīs and Kumāles and on gharabārī holdings and khoriyā land, totalling 119 rupees 1 [sukā] 3 [ānās] 2 [paisās]; the sāune phāgu homestead levy (valaka) of 11 rupees—altogether 370.1.3.2, [in words] three hundred seventy rupees and seven and a half ānās. When rāja aṅka revenue is levied [by special order] from the [royal] court, the revenue realized from this land belongs to the deity. [The produce of/revenue on?] cultivation on rain-watered land (akāse khetī), [fees for] the dharmādhikāra, judicial fines and penalties (daṇḍakuṇḍa), escheatable property (maryo aputālī) and miscelleneous revenue (udantā gadantā)8 also belong to the deity. From the produce of these lands the guṭhiyāras must provide the material according to the details [below] without reductions. The temple priests (pūjāhārī) must perform the worship. Whenever some ill fate befalls the guṭhī, the guṭhiyāras must come to the court, make petition through a courtier (bhāradāra) and fetch the material [from the court] in line with what has been written down. The punishments and sins of those who covet and the merits of those who take care of what falls under the guṭhī have all been written down in detail in the copperplate.9 Act in accordance with this." The lālamohara that had been issued [before] stating thus has become worn, and as the numbers and letters have rubbed away and become unrecognizable there is a royal order (hukuma) that another [lālamohara] equivalent to this [worn lālamohara] be issued. The lālamohara has not been issued yet. As the contractor (ṭhekadāra) Ḍiṭṭhā Resmīrāja Jaisī submitted a petition to us through [him who is very mighty, has arms like a staff etc., the thrice venerable great king Raṇa Udīpa Sīṃha Rāṇā Bāhādura, KCSI, thoṅ-līṅ-pim-mā-ko-kāṅ-vāṅ-syān Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief]10 and the venerable prince born of a prince Commander-in-Chief General Jīt Jaṁṅ Bahādura Rāṇā that a lālamohara needs to be issued,

[1r-part2]

[In the left margin:]

[Seal with the legend: Śrī Mehermā, 51]

The one who certifies that the copy is true to the original: Kharidāra Mehermā Sīṃ 11

[Main text:]

and as the lālamohara which was issued before has become worn, the numbers and letters having rubbed away and become unrecognizable, we, being in our 10th year of life, issue another lālamohara equivalent to this one, stating:

"In the year called pramoda, counted [as] 1721—[in words] moon (1), eyes (2), seers (7), moon (1)—in the Śaka [era] of Śrī Śālivāhana, when Śrī Sūrya (i.e. the sun) was on its southern course, in the month Āśvina, on the meritorious eighth lunar day (tithi) of the dark fortnight, on Sunday, when the nakṣatra was ārdrā, the yoga was vyatīpāta, the karaṇa was bālava, [and] the muhūrta was girīśa, while the sun was in Virgo, the moon in Gemini, [and] Jupiter and the other celestial bodies in their respective places, in order to please [Śrī Kālī Māī]12 of the dasaĩghara of Gorkha, the 1 subdivision (thuma) of Purkoṭ in the district (ambala) of Tanhau was established as a guṭhī by virtue of [Fivefold Venerable Supreme King of Great Kings Gīrvāṇayuddha Vikrama Śāha],13 [our] greatgrandfather, having made a ritual declaration (saṃkalpa) in order to offer worship (pūjā) on [each] year's Baḍā Dasaĩ, Caite Dasaĩ [and the remaining] 22 aṣṭamī days, making no reductions of the material according to what is written [below]. Its borders [are]: the Marsyādī [River] to the east, the border of [the neighboring thuma] Vasaṃtapura to the west, the border of the Cītī Kholā to the north [and] the Phāmadī [and] Kālīmāṭī Kholās to the south. The revenue [from] the 13, [in words:] thirteen, khetas within these four boundaries—except for the birtā land grants and rest-houses of the genuine Brahmins and Saṃnyāsīs—[is]: its crop of 415 (four hundred fifteen) murīs of rice equalling 207 1/2 (two hundred seven and a half) rupees, at a rate of 2 murīs per rupee; 32½ rupees in cash as ghiu khāne levy; the homestead tax (sermā) together with the mahasula and jalakara levies from the Mājhīs and Kumāles and on gharabārī holdings and khoriyā land, totalling 119 rupees 1 [sukā] 3 [ānās] 2 [paisās]; the sāune phāgu homestead levy (valaka) of 11 rupees—altogether 370.1.3.2, [in words] three hundred seventy rupees and seven and a half ānās. When rāja aṅka revenue is levied [by special order] from the [royal] court, the revenue realized from this land is for the deity. [The produce of/revenue on?] cultivation on rain-watered land (akāse khetī), [fees for] the dharmādhikāra, judicial fines and penalties (daṇḍakuṇḍa), escheatable property (maryo aputālī) and miscelleneous revenue (uḍantā gaḍantā) are also for the deity. From the produce of these lands the guṭhiyāras must provide the material according to the details [below] without reductions. Worship must be performed. Whenever some ill fate befalls the guṭhī, the guṭhiyāras must come to the court, make petition through a courtier (bhāradāra) and fetch the material [from the court] in line with what has been written down. The punishments and sins of those who covet and the merits of those who take care of what falls under the guṭhī have all been written down in detail in the copperplate. Act in accordance with this."

[1r-part3]

Details (tapasila):

[table1]

1	For material for worship during the Baḍā Dasai, rupees				96 [Rs.],1 [sukā], 3 [ānās], 2 [paisās]
2	bheṭī for the glorious deity, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]	for 5 hātas of lace14 [used when] distributing prasāda and lighting lamps, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā]
3	bheṭī for Śrī Gaṇeśa, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]		1 [sukā]
4	for 1 turban	1 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 1 dhārnī of oil, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]
5	for 1 coconut	2 [ānās]	for the Brahmin ladies of the kitchen [for feeding] the girls, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā]
6	for 1½ hātas of gulabadana fabric [for] a blouse (colo), in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for 2 pāthīs of lentils, in ru[pees]	3 [ānās]
7	for one piece of fine satin (atalasa) cloth from Kāśī for the skirt (lahãgā), in ru[pees]	7 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for 2 mānās of salt, in ru[pees]	2 [ānās], 2 [paisās]
8		7 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for 1 mānā of turmeric, in ru[pees]	1 [paisā]
9	for 5 hātas of Dhulakapura edging for embellishment of a sari15	4 [Rs.]	for 1 mānā of vinegar,16 in ru[pees]	1 [ānā]
10		4 [Rs.]	for 4 loads of firewood (dāruvā),17 in ru[pees]	2 [ānās]
11	for 1 shawl (dopaṭṭā), in ru[pees]	5 [Rs.]	for cardamum, in ru[pees]	3 [ānās]
12	for 1 musk pod	3 [Rs.]	for 63 areca nuts for choosing [the Brahmins] (varaṇī) in all rituals	3 [ānās], 2 [paisās]
13	for 1 dhārnī of sugar	1 [Rs.]		3 [ānās], 2 [paisās]
14	for 2 muris of husked rice for achetā for the sword worship, in ru[pees]	5 [Rs.]	for 10 tolās of Gujarātī sindūra powder, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā], 1 [ānā]
15	for 1 dhārnī of ghee, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]	for 1 tolā of gokuladhūpa, in ru[pees]	2 [ānās]
16	bheṭī for Kumāra, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]	for 2 māsās of camphor, in ru[pees]	2 [paisās]
17	for 1 turban for Kumāra, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 10 tolās of sandalwood (śrīkhaṇḍa),18 in ru[pees]	3 [ānās], 3 [paisās]
18	for 1 adharasā19 for a coat (jāmā), waistband (paṭukā) and kerchief (pachyaurā) for Kumāra	2 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 10 tolās of raktacandana, in ru[pees]	2 [ānās]
19		2 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 2 māsās of gola candan,20 in ru[pees]	2 [ānās]
20	for 22 hātas of red adharasā for flags	2 [Rs.], 3 [sukās]	for 9 Kage sheep (kāge bheḍā), in ru[pees]	13 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]
21	for 22 hātas of red adharasā for flags	2 [Rs.], 3 [sukās]	for 2 big he-goats, in ru[pees]	8
22	for 10 hātas of lace21 for binding the flags, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]	for delicacies (mevā miṣṭāṃga for mevā miṣṭānna) [and] pāna, in ru[pees]	3 [sukās]
23	for 22 hātas of white adharasā for the flags, in ru[pees]	2 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 2 bracelets,22 1 comb, 1 vanity case (baṭṭā), 1 ribbon (ḍorī), 1 mirror together with collyrium (gājala), paṭṭī23 and avīdalī24	2 [sukās]
24	for 8 hātas of white cloth for dhotīs, in ru[pees]	1	for leaves, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā], 2 [paisās]
25	for 9 repetitions of the Caṇḍī recitation in ru[pees]	3 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for fish	1 [sukā]
26	for 9 repetitions of the Caṇḍī recitation in ru[pees]	3 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for bananas	1 [sukā]
27	for 9 repetitions of the Śrī Gaṇeśasahasranāma, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 2 [ānās]	for yoghurt	1 [sukā]
	for 45 hātas of mājhāsaphā25 (for?) clothes for the 9 girls,26 in ru[pees]	8 [Rs.]	for asafoetida, cumin, fenugreek, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā]
29	bheṭī for the 9 girls, in ru[pees]	4 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for spices for the big kettledrum (nagarā),27 in ru[pees]	2 [paisās]
30	for 18 hātas of muśru28 for the blouses for the 9 girls, in ru[pees]	7 [Rs.]	for 25 garlands of bela leaves	∙29
31		7 [Rs.]	for 9 ash-gourds (kubhiṇḍo)	∙30
32	for 45 hātas of red nahamuḍī31 for kerchiefs for the 9 girls, in ru[pees]	5 [Rs.]	for 10 tolās of black pepper, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā], 1 [ānā]
33	for bheṭī to the jar (kalaśa) when performing kanyāpūjā	2 [ānās]
34	---

[1r-part4]

[table2-part1]

1	For material for worship during the Caitra Dasaĩ, rupees				58 [Rs.], 1 [sukā], 0 [ānā], 2 [paisās]
2	bheṭī for the glorious deity, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]	for delicacies [and] pāna	2 [sukās]
3	bheṭī for Śrī Gaṇeśa, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]	for 2 seras of ghee, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]
4	for 1 turban	1 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 0.5 dhārnī of sugar, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]
5	for a coconut, in ru[pees]	2 [ānās]	for 5 tolās of pepper, in ru[pees]	2 [ānās], 2 [paisās]
6	for 9 repetitions of the Caṇḍī recitation, in ru[pees]	2 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 2 loads of firewood, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā]
7	for 9 repetitions of the Śrī Gaṇeśasahasranāma, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 2 [ānās]	for cardamum	2 [ānās], 2 [paisās]
8	for 1.5 hātas of gulabadana fabric for a blouse (colo), in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for fish	1 [ānā], 2 [paisās]
9		1 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for asafoetida, cumin, fenugreek, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā]
10	for one skirt (lahãgā) from Kāśī, in ru[pees]	7 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for 8 pāthīs of husked rice, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]
11	for 5 hātas of Dhulakapura edging for embellishment of a sari, in ru[pees]	4 [Rs.]	for 1 pāthī of lentils	1 [ānā], 1 [paisā]
12		4 [Rs.]	for 1 mānā of salt, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā], 1 [paisā]
13	for 1 shawl (dopaṭṭā), in ru[pees]	5 [Rs.]	for 1 mānā of turmeric, in ru[pees]	1 [paisā]
14	for 1 hāta of white [cloth] for 2 dhotīs, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]	for yoghurt, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā], 2 [paisās]
15	for 1 hāta of white [cloth] for 2 dhotīs, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]	for bananas, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā], 2 [paisās]
16	for 20 hātas of mājhāsaphā (for clothes) for 5 girls, in ru[pees]	3 [Rs.], 3 [sukās]	for 2 tolās of raktacandana	1 [paisā], 2 [dāmas]
17		3 [Rs.], 3 [sukās]	for 32 areca nuts, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā], 2 [paisās]
18	for 5 Kage sheep, in ru[pees]	7 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for 2 tolās of sandalwood, in ru[pees]	2 [paisās]
19	for 20 hātas of cloth including kerchiefs for 5 girls, in ru[pees]	2 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for 3 tolās of Gujarātī sindūra powder, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā], 2 [paisās]
20	for 10 hātas of maśru fabric for blouses for 5 girls, in ru[pees]	4 [Rs.]	for leaves	1 [ānā]
21		4 [Rs.]	vinegar	2 [paisās]
22	for bheṭī for 5 girls, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for the Brahmin ladies of the kitchen for [feeding] the girls	3 [ānās]
23	for bheṭī for Kumāra, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā]		3 [ānās]
24	for adharasā for 1 set of coat (jāmā), kerchief (pachyaurā) and waistband (paṭukā) for Kumāra	2 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 2 bangles, 1 comb, 1 ribbon, 1 mirror, together with gājala, paṭṭī and āvīdulī	2 [sukās]
25	for 1 turban for Kumāra, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]		2 [sukās]
26	for 22 hātas of red adharasā fabric for flags, in ru[pees]	2 [Rs.], 3 [sukās]	for spices for the nagarā, in ru[pees]	2 [paisās]
27		2 [Rs.], 3 [sukās]	for 1 ash-gourd (kubhiṇḍo), in ru[pees]	∙

[1r-part5]

[table2-part2]

28	for 22 hātas of white adharasā fabric for flags, in ru[pees]	2 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for 2 garlands of bela leaves	∙
29	for 10 hātas of lace for binding the flags, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]	for 5 hātas of lace [used when] distributing prasāda and lighting lamps, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā]
30	uṃ32	X		1 [sukā]
31	for bheṭī for the jar (kalaśa) when performing kanyāpūjā	1 [ānā]
32	---

[table3]

1	for worship material employed on 1 aṣṭamī, in ru[pees]				11 [Rs.], 1 [sukā], 2 [ānās], 3 [paisās]
2	bheṭī for the glorious deity, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]	for 2 tolās of sindūra powder, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā]
3	bheṭī for Śrī Gaṇeśa, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā]	for 1 tolā of sandalwood, in ru[pees]	1 [paisā]
4	bheṭī for the girl	1 [sukā]	for 1 tolā of raktacandana, in ru[pees]	3 [ānās]
5	for the Brahmin ladies of the kitchen for [feeding] the girls	2 [ānās]	for 21 areca nuts, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā]
6	for 9 repetitions of the Caṇḍī recitation	2 [Rs.], 1 [sukā]	for leaves, in ru[pees]	2 [paisās]
7	for 9 repetitions of the Gaṇeśasahasranāma	1 [Rs.], 2 [ānās]	for ½ load of firewood, in ru[pees]	1 [paisā]
8	for 8 hātas of white [cloth] for 2 dhotīs, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]	for 1 mānā of sugar, in ru[pees]	3 [ānās]
9	for 8 hātas of white [cloth] for 2 dhotīs, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]	for cardamum	2 [paisās]
10	for 4 hātas of mājhāsaphā [for clothes] for the girl, in ru[pees]	3 [sukās]	for 1 mānā of oil, in ru[pees]	1 [ānās],1 [paisā]
11		3 [sukās]	for for asafoetida, cumin and vinegar, in ru[pees]	3 [paisās]
12	for 2 hātas of maśru fabric for the blouse, in ru[pees]	3 [sukās]	for 3 tolās of black pepper	1 [ānā]
13	for 4 hātas of white cloth [for] a kerchief, in ru[pees]	2 [sukās]	for bananas	1 [paisā]
14	for 12 palas of ghee, in ru[pees]	1 [sukā]	for spices for the nagarā, in ru[pees]	2 [paisās]
15	for 2.5 hātas of lace [used when] distributing prasāda and lighting lamps, in ru[pees]	2 [ānās]	for 1 mānā of salt, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā], 1 [paisā]
16	for 1 Kage sheep, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]	for 1 ash-gourd (kubhiṇḍo), in ru[pees]	∙
17	for 8 pāthīs of husked rice, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.]	for 2 garlands of bela leaves	∙
18	for 1 pāthī of lentils, in ru[pees]	1 [ānā], 1 [paisā]	for fish, in ru[pees]	1 [Rs.], 2 [sukās]
19	for yoghurt, in ru[pees]	2 [paisās]	for 1 tolā of delicacies, in ru[pees]33	2 [ānās]
20	for 1 mānā of turmeric, in ru[pees]	1 [paisā]	for 1 tolā of delicacies, in ru[pees]33	2 [ānās]
21	---		---
22	in line with this, for worship material on 22 aṣṭamī days, total Rupees				239 [Rs.], 1 [sukā], 3 [ānās], 3 [paisās]

[table4]

1	Details of the emoluments (khāngī) for this guṭhī's guṭhiyāra and those providing services
2	emolument for 1 guṭhiyāra	for 1 dvāre
3	for 1 attendant (ṭahaluvā)	for 4 other attendants
4	---	---

... day,34 the 4th of the dark fortnight of the second Jyeṣṭha in the [Vikrama] era year 1942 (1885 CE). Auspiciousness.

Commentary

In the document, the akṣaras for -da and -ḍa can hardly be distinguished. In most cases, especially at the beginning of the document, all these akṣaras resemble -ḍa, while only in a few cases towards the end can the unaspirated voiced dental stop be slightly distinguished from its retroflex counterpart. Assuming that the scribe used one sign to represent both letters, a distinction between the two is made in the transcription on the basis of the expected orthography. The same holds for the akṣaras for -ta and -na, which look alike in all cases. In the case of -i and -ī, which are in most cases rendered as -ī, the transcription reproduces this spelling with the Sanskrit passages corrected according to the standard spelling.

The verso of the document was not microfilmed. Some of the text written there can still be deciphered because it shines through. Thus, the persons through whom the lālamohara was channeled (mārphat) included the cautariyā Kesari Jaṅ Parākrama Sāha and a gurupurohita whose personal name cannot be deciphered in its entirety, but ends in ... rāja Paṃḍīta.

Other copies of the same document were microfilmed as E_3377_0010 and K_0024_0031.

The document concerns a guṭhī established in VS 1856 (1799 CE)—as is clear from the original copperplate (see K_0120_0020 for a copy of it) by the queen mother Kāntavatī, but according to the present document by her son, King Gīrvāṇayuddha—to provide material needed for worship of the tutelary deity of the Śāha family Kālikā, or Kālī Māī, at Gorkha Palace during both Dasaĩ festivals and on the remaining 22 eighth lunar days of the year. The whole territorial subdivision (thuma) Purkoṭ, excluding what was donated to Brahmins and ascetics, was dedicated to that purpose. The present document is a lālamohara reissued as a replacement for the one that had become illegible. As is clear from the text, the request for the replacement—probably in the form of a bintīpatra—was made by the contractor (ṭhekadāra) Ḍiṭṭhā Resmīrāja Jaisī, who probably was the one managing the guṭhī's affairs at that time. Representing the final settlement of the issue, which went through the offices of the commander-in-chief general and of the prime minister, the two top positions of the Rāṇā administration, the present lālamohara was issued by the king.

Apart from confirming the general arrangements for the guṭhī, the document also details the items that needed to be provided from the revenue generated by its lands. A later list with similar items has been published as an appendix to Bhaṭṭarāī's anthropological study of the rituals of Gorkha Palace (Bhaṭṭarāī VS 2054: appendix 6, pp. 12–21). According to the introduction to this list, the items were originally provided from the revenue of the guṭhī at Purkoṭ. As this arrangement had become defunct by the time of Bhaṭṭarāī's research, the material was supplied under the government's budget, the scheme under which the material was made available being known as a guṭhī ṭhekkā. In addition to Caitra Dasai, Baḍā Dasai and the 22 aṣṭamīs, the later itemization also lists the 11th of the bright fortnight of Kārttika, i.e. Haribodhinī Ekādaśī, as an occasion on which material was provided. The items listed for the three former occasions in the majority of cases parallel the present lists. The sequence, however, is different. Furthermore, some items are left out, while for others the amount is double. Unfortunately, the period from which this later list dates is unknown. Thus at some point in the roughly century-long interval between the issue of the present document and the time of Bhaṭṭarāī's research the list of items to be procured through the Purkoṭ guṭhī must have been extended, and at some other point the whole arrangement must have come to an end. For the present purpose the later list has mainly been used to rectify readings and to better understand words, as detailed in the notes to the translation above.

The overall sums listed in tables 1 to 3 of the present list that were to be spent on the worship items annually, a total of 392.0.3.3 Rs. (96.1.3.2 Rs., 56.1.0.2 Rs. and 239.1.3.3 Rs.), exceed the sum stated as revenue from the above lands (370.1.3.2 Rs.) by over 20 rupees, not to speak of the emoluments for persons listed in table 4. Was this shortfall covered by the irregular income from other royal revenue sources (including the rāja aṅkas, fees for the dharmādhikāra etc.) that, when levied on the land, were assigned to benefit the deity according to the text above?35 In an earlier document (K_0020_0007B) from VS 1865 (1808 CE), by contrast, an ijārā contract on the land of the same guṭhī was fixed at 405¼ rupees, which would probably have been sufficient to cover all costs.

Notes

1. This Arabic numeral by a second hand was probably added when the documents were microfilmed. It is also present in the upper left margin of the NGMPP catalogue card, where it was written by what seems to have been the same hand. The count starts with 2 on the catalogue card of K_0120_0020 and continues up to 6 in the present document. All documents in this batch pertain to the worship of Śrī Kālikā at Gorkha Palace. [⇑]

2. Inserted from the space numbered 1 above. It is noteworthy that the charter addresses the deity concerned directly rather than a human. [⇑]

3. The term pramoda marks the year as being the fourth within a Jovian cycle of 60 years, according to which years are usually identified in the Hindu calender. [⇑]

4. The details of the date are given in Sanskrit here and below. They parallel the text of the copperplate (for a copy of which, see K_0120_0020) issued for the deed, with the notable exception of the phrase expressing the year. The copperplate renders the year as candra-nayana-aśva-eka ("moon (1), eyes (2), horses (7), one") instead of vidhu-nayana-ṛṣi-candra ("moon (1), eyes (2), seers (7), moon (1)") in the present document. [⇑]

5. Inserted from the space numbered 1 above. [⇑]

6. Inserted from the space numbered 3 above. [⇑]

7. It is unclear whether the Phāmdī and Kālīmāṭī are one or two different Kholās. The Phāmdī must be the Phāũdī Kholā, which is a western tributary of the Marsyangdi and marks the southern border of the thumas of Purkoṭ and Vasantapura (Sañcāra Mantrālaya VS 2031: III, 233, 234, 236). The Kālīmāṭī, which remains untraced so far, could either be another river in that area or denote a section of the Phāmdī Kholā. [⇑]

8. These terms seem to denote either particular revenue so far unidentified or, more likely, function as a catch-all phrase for anything else that might be levied on the land. M.C. Regmi renders "rahata, bahata, udanta, gadanta, bedarta, rakam-kalam" as "all unrecorded or unclaimed sources of revenue, arrears, etc." (Regmi 1981: 56). In other Rāṇā period documents the terms are often paired with rahatā bahatā (see e.g. E_3446_0001, E_3446_0003, L_0923_0002). [⇑]

9. This passage refers to the regulation as fixed in the copperplate issued for the original endowment; see K_0120_0020 for one of its copies and further details. [⇑]

10. Inserted from the note numbered 3 in the left margin. [⇑]

11. This note was penned by the officer involved in copying the document. A kharidāra named Meheramāna Siṃha was the chief officer of the Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍā (see e.g. K_0636_0036, K_0379_0073) in the 1890s. It seems likely that he was the one whose signature certifies the copy here. The number 51 probably refers to the year of his appointment as VS 1951 (1894 CE). [⇑]

12. Inserted from the space numbered 1 above. [⇑]

13. Inserted from the space numbered 2 above. [⇑]

14. The correction from pītā to phītā has been made on the basis of the parallel list (Bhaṭṭarāī VS 2054: appendix 6, p. 12; for more on this list, see the Commentary below). Here the lace would probably be needed for binding the protective thread (rakṣā) around the wrists of receivers of prasāda and probably also for lamp wicks. [⇑]

15. It is unclear what exactly this item is and what it would be used for. It could be a special kind of decorative border with which to embellish the sari. Or does it denote the sari itself? Together with the aforementioned pieces of clothing, the blouse, the skirt and the following shawl it would make a complete set of woman's attire, probably to be offered to the goddess. [⇑]

16. The parallel list published has cuka amīlo in this place (Bhaṭṭarāī VS 2054: appendix 6, p. 15). Cuk is a "kind of vinegar made from lemon-juice" (Turner 1931: s.v.) [⇑]

17. The parallel list (Bhaṭṭarāī VS 2054: appendix 6, p. 16) displays the word in its modern spelling dāurā. The firewood would be needed for fire sacrifice. [⇑]

18. The more frequently used term for sandalwood is candana. [⇑]

19. The meaning of this term is unclear. It possibly refers to the type of fabric, and reappears at several places throughout the document. The other list (Bhaṭṭarāī VS 2054: appendix 6, p. 12) notes 18 gajas of broad width (baḍā gajī?) muslin (nainasuta) for Kumāra's attire. Kumāra, impersonated by a boy, is worshipped during Dasaĩ together with the group of nine girls. [⇑]

20. It is unclear what gola candana (lit. "round sandalwood") is meant to denote. It probably is a scribal mistake for golocana. Two māsās of this latter substance are what the later list prescribes (Bhaṭṭarāī VS 2054: appendix 6, p. 16) [⇑]

21. The correction from pītā to phītā has been made on the basis of the parallel list (Bhaṭṭarāī VS 2054: appendix 6, p. 12). Here the braid would probably be needed for binding the flags made of red and white cloth into garlands to be used, for example, to decorate toraṇās [⇑]

22. Two words for bracelets, curā and bāhī̃, are used here. Do they form a composite noun to denote bracelets in general, or should one curā and one bāhī̃ each be provided? The occurence of a single number after the two nouns favours the former option. [⇑]

23. The meaning of the term in the context of cosmetic articles is unclear. Is it the same as paṭṭikā, described as "a special type of lace used for hiding jewellery etc." (vibhūṣaṇa ādi lukāuna prayoga garine viśeṣa kisimako phittā; Parājuli et al. VS 2056: s.v. paṭṭikā 4.) [⇑]

24. The meaning of this term is unclear. From the context it could be some kind of cosmetic. The items mentioned here as a group constitute the saubhāgyasāmāna. [⇑]

25. This reading is doubtful and the meaning is unclear. [⇑]

26. The nine girls would be worshipped in kanyāpūjā, a compulsory part of the Dasaĩ rituals. [⇑]

27. It is unclear in what ways spices would be needed in a ritual context for the nagarā drum. Does nagarā here stand pars pro toto for the nagarā bānā musical ensemble, the spices being intended either for worshipping the instruments or for the Damāī̃musicians to prepare their own food with? [⇑]

28. The meaning of this term is unclear. It possibly refers to the type of fabric. According to the parallel list (Bhaṭṭarāī VS 2054: appendix 6, p. 17), 18 hātas of gulabadana fabric are stipulated for the nine girls' blouses. The 10 hātas for five girl's blouses needed in Caite Dasaĩ are, however, to be made from what the list calls musuri (ibid.: 12). [⇑]

29. It looks as if no sum is given here, unless a mark that looks like a slightly oblong dot was intended to be a horizontal stroke. In that case the sum could be 1 dāma, the next unit beneath a paisā. [⇑]

30. It is especially strange that no sum is stated for the 9 ash-gourds. In another list of provisions for Dasaĩ from the same period, relating to the Pāñcāyana temple at Thāpāthalī, Kathmandu (from VS 1944 and the following years; see K_0476_0060 and follow-up documents), 4 ash-gourds are rated at 2 sukās, which would translate to a sum of 4 sukās and 2 ānās in the present case. Or were the ash-gourds and garlands of bel leaves to be provided in kind? [⇑]

31. The term nahamuḍī or tahamudī is unclear, but seems to denote a type of fabric. [⇑]

32. This entry, which has neither a parallel entry nor a stated sum, remains unclear. [⇑]

33. The use of a weight measurement in connection with delicacies seems odd. In the two tables above, mevā miṣṭānna is paired with pāna. [⇑]

34. Due to a fold in the lower right corner of the paper the number indicating the weekday, probably followed by the standard concluding śubham, cannot be read. [⇑]

35. In its enumeration of privileges reliquished to the deity, the text nicely illustrates what Burkhart has shown to be the crucial point in royal gifts of land to deities, namely that the king alienated his tenurial rights in favour of the divine recipient completely, thus making sure that it never reverted to him (Burghart 1996: 208–218). [⇑]

Glossary

Word	Notes
āge	[fr. S. agre] adv. lit. "henceforeward" (Riccardi 1976: 150 n. 6), especially used in administrative and legal documents to mark the beginning of a text or paragraph. In its function it is similar to uprānta.
akṣatā / achetā / acheto	[fr. S. akṣata] var. akṣetā; n. unbroken rice grains used in rituals, prepared from husked rice (cāmala).
ambala	var. aṃbala, amala, ammala; n. 1) territory, administrative unit, district. 2) office, position, term of office, honour, respect (Turner 1931: s.v. amal); "territory in Gorkhali official discourse; land occupied by force, land from which the state has acquired right to collect revenue; generally conveys the same meaning as the term amal" (Michael 2012: 129).
ānā	[fr. S. āṇvaka- ?] n. 1) monetary unit worth one sixteenth of a rupee with four ānā*s constituting one sukā, equivalent to one ganḍā; in documents usually represented by one to three diagonal dashes, sometimes as a loop with two or three jags. 2) sixteenth part of land, property etc. (cf. Parājulī et al 1995: s.v. ānā).
aṣṭamī	[S.] n. eighth day of a lunar fortnight, one of the parvan days, often connected with the worship of goddesses.
baḍā dasaĩ	var. baḍā dasai; also mahā dasaĩ; n. festival to worship the goddess Durgā as slayer of the buffalo demon, held over the bright half of the autumn month of Āśvina. Cf. dasaĩ / daśaĩ.
bāī̃ / bāhī̃	var. bahi, bāhī; n. bangle made of gold, silver etc. worn around women's wrists.
baṭṭā	n. 1) small wooden or metal box. 2) box for keeping make-up, beauty box, vanity case, part of the saubhāgyasāmāna.
bela	[fr. S. bilva] var. bel; n. the wood apple tree (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa).
bhāradāra / bhārādāra	var. bhārā n. lit. "burden bearer"; a generic term for high-level functionaries and courtiers.
bheṭī	var. bheṭa, bheṭi; n. money, often in the form of coins, offered to deities or revered persons.
bintīpatra	[fr. S.] var. bintipatra, biṃtipatra, bīntīpatram; n. formal letter written to an authority; more specifically, a petition or request letter. Cf. bintī.
birtā	[fr. S. vṛtti] var. birttā, bīrttā, vṛtā, vṛttā; n. a royal land grant. For discussion, see M.C. Regmi 1976: 22-37.
caite dasaĩ	var. caityā dasai, caitra dasai, caitrā dasai; n. festival to worship the goddess Durgā as slayer of the buffalo demon, held in the bright half of the spring month of Caitra. Cf. dasaĩ / daśaĩ.
candana	[S.] also known as śrīkhaṇḍa; n. 1) sandalwood (Santalum album L.). 2) ointment (anulepana) offered as one of the upacāras in worship.
caṇḍī	[S.] n. 1) "the fierce one," name for a goddess, often for Durgā. 2) also (Durgā)saptaśatī; recitational form of the Devīmāhātmya, popularly recited on occasion of the Dasaĩ festival.
cautariyā	var. cautarīyā; n. 1) in the early Shah period, a royal collateral appointed as principal officer of the state, often kings' second and third sons; 2) later a title with no specific functions attached, granted to several male descendents of the Śāha kings at a time. Cautarīyās held different higher administrative posts, like governors (cf. Adhikari 1984: 98–99; Kumar 1967: 164-165; J.C. Regmi 1981: 32–35; M.C. Regmi 1995: 42-43); descendents of different Śāha kings of earlier periods could be nominated thus.
colo	n. upper part of a woman's dress, wrap-around blouse tightened with four strabs.
curā / curo	n. bracelet, bangle, made of metal or glass.
dāma	var. dām; n. the smallest monetary unit, one-fourth of one paisā (in case of measurements of land etc.) and one-256th of one mohararupaiyā̃.
damāī̃	var. ḍamāī, damāi, damāī, damai; also nagarcī or darjī; n. 1) sub-caste traditionally working as tailors and musicians at temples and in life-cyclic rituals of the Indo-Parbatiya. 2) 5th lowest caste (superior to Cyāmes, Poḍhes, Vādīs and Gāines) among the Untouchables in the Mulukī Ain’s caste hierarchy (MA-54.160.5).
daṃḍakuṃḍa / daṇḍakuṇḍa	n. generic term for judicial fines and penalties.
dasaĩ / daśaĩ	[fr. S. daśāha] var. dasai; n. festival to worship the goddess Durgā as slayer of the buffalo demon, held over the bright half of the autumn month of Āśvina (baḍā dasaĩ) and, on a smaller scale, over the bright half of the spring month of Caitra (caite dasaĩ).
dasaĩghara	var. dasaighara; n. lit. "house for dasaĩ;" ritual arena for worshipping the goddess Durgā on the occasion of dasaĩ, either in a room or building exclusively used for this purpose (see K_0625_0039), or temporarily erected within another building.
dharmādhikāra / dharmādhikārī	[S. dharmādhikārin] n. chief judge in religious jurisdiction whose main duties are to grant expiation and rehabilitation to polluted individuals. The term is exclusively used for Brahmins.
dhārnī	[fr. Skt. dhāraṇī] var. dhārni; n. measure of weight equal to 12 pāu, “equivalent to 2.393 kg“ (cf. M.R. Pant 2002: 132 ).
dhotī	[fr. S.] n. 1) rectangular piece of unstitched cloth wordn around the lower body, usually one end of which passes between the legs and is tucked in behind. 2) a cotton sari.
ḍiṭṭhā	var. ḍīṭṭhā, ḍiṭhā; a civil servant ranking above a mukhiyā and lower than a subbā (cf. Stiller 1981: 379). According to Edwards 1975: 107, ḍiṭṭhās originally had been the judges who presided over the courts in Kathmandu but later could serve in a number of other offices (such as the kausī, the hāttīsāra or the sadara daphtarakhānā; see also Kumar 1967: 165; M.C. Regmi 1978: 226). The Mulukī Ain distinguishes three categories of the ḍiṭṭhās; the jaṅgī kote ḍiṭṭhā (probably, combatant personnel), the lājimā ḍiṭṭhā and the ḍiṭṭhā in charge of Elephant or horse stable or cowshed (MA-54.31.11).
dupaṭṭā / dopaṭṭā	n. women's shawl used as garment for covering the upper body and head.
dvāre	var. dvāryā, duvāryā; n. 1) a local revenue collection official (e.g. M.R. Pant 2002: 132; M.C. Regmi 1970: 149) who can arrest offenders and try petty cases (Stiller 1981: 379). 2) a gatekeeper at the royal palace who collects certain levies (Edwards 1975: 106; M.C. Regmi 1978: 226); 3) a village headman in the Kathmandu Valley (M.C. Regmi 1970: 149).
gaja	[P. gaz] n. measure of length equalling two hātas or 0.91m; Mughal yard, typically used for measuring textiles.
gājala	n. lampblack, soot; black pigment applied around the eyes, collyrium.
gharabārī	n. 1) a plot of land near a house. 2) birtā grant for residential purposes, usually on a life-time basis (M.C. Regmi 1978: 857).
ghiukhānī	var. ghyūkhāni, ghyukhāne, ghyūkhāne, ghiukhāne; n. "a cash levy paid on rice-fields in the hill region" (M.C. Regmi 1978: 162).
gokuladhūpa	[fr. S. gugguladhūpa] var. gokuladhupa, guguladhupa; n. bdellium incense, resin from the Indian bdellium-tree (Commiphora wightii [Arn.] Bhandari).
golocana	[S.] var. gaulocana; n. substance emitted through the mouth of a cow; bright yellow orpiment prepared from the bile of cattle.
gulabadana	[H.] n. a type of silken cloth that is described as being striped (Varmā VS 2054: s.v. : "eka prakāra kā dhārīdāra reśamī kapaṛā") or rose-coloured (Sharma and Vermeer 1987: s.v.: "rosenfarbiges Seidentuch").
gurupurohita	var. guruprohīta; n. royal priest.
guṭha / guṭhi / guṭhī	[fr. S. goṣṭhī] var. guṭh, guthi; n. 1) a socio-religious organization that manages and finances religious and charitable functions, a trust. 2) “endowed lands or other sources of revenue for financing religious and charitable functions“ (M.R. Pant 2002: 132; cf. M.C. Regmi 1988: 267).
Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍā	var. Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍā; n. "Guthi Administration Office", office responsible for the management of guṭhīs; established under Jaṅga Bahādura Rāṇā in 1852-1853 as replacement of the former Guṭhī Kacaharī. Its foundation marks the change from the guṭhīyāri system of the guṭhī management to the contractor based system; remained the central office to coordinate all offices subsequently established for handling different aspects of guṭhī management, including the Guṭhī Kharca Aḍḍā and others. Separate Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍās managed the śrī 5 sarkāra guṭhīs and the śrī 3 sarkāra guṭhīs (cf. M.C. Regmi 1978: 713-715).
guṭhiyāra	var. guṭhīyāra, guṭhiāra, guṭhīāra; n. member of a guṭhī, trustee, functionary responsible for the administration and management of guṭhīs (M.C. Regmi 1978: 708–711).
haribodhinī ekādaśī	[S.] n. eleventh lunar day of the bright fortnight of Kārttika that celebrates the end of Viṣṇu's sleep during the monsoon, the end of the caturmāsa period.
hāta	n. measurement of length equal to 24 aṅgulas or half a gaja.
hukuma	[P.] n. a royal order, either from the king or the Rāṇā prime minister bearing the title of king (śrī 3 mahārāja).
ijārā	[A.] var. ījārā; n. 1) a system under which the government granted to an individual the exclusive right to collect revenue from a specified source subject to payment of a sum stipulated in advance (M.C. Regmi 2002: 299). 2) a contract for collection of revenue, exploitation of mines, etc. (M.C. Regmi 1978: 226; cf. Adhikari 1984: 349; M.C. Regmi 1978: 162).
jalakara	n. tax on fishing rights or resources derived from water (Michael 2012: 131); "tax collected from members of the mājhī community in the form of cash or black gram“ (M.C. Regmi 1970 (No. 7): 173).
jāmā	[fr. A.] n. coat or gown worn by men in South Asia since the Mughal period.
kāge bheḍā	var. kāgya bheḍā; n. the Kage sheep (capra ovis), a breed described by Hodgson under the name "Ovis cagia, the Cago or Cagya" as major sheep of the Newars and major sacrificial sheep; is mainly located in the low to mid hills (Hodgson 1847: 1013–1015).
kalaśa	[S.] var. kalasa; n. water vessel, jar, usually smaller than a ghaḍā.
kanyāpūjā	[S.] n. worship of girls as self-sustained ritual or as a part of other rituals, typically including the gift of new clothes and feeding the girls.
karaṇa	[S.] n. a division of time and one of the calendric parameters of the pañcāṅga, with two karaṇas being equal to a lunar day. There are eleven named karaṇas.
KCSI	title of member of the second class (Honorary Knight Commander) of the "Most Exalted Order of the Star of India", an order founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. Other classes are: GCSI and CSI.
khānagī / khānkī / khāngī	n. 1) salary, wages, or an annual emolument. 2) emoluments of government employees and functionaries, generally in the form of land assignments (M.C. Regmi 1978: 227; cf. M.C. Regmi 1978: 860; Adhikari 1984: 351). 3) rents accruing from the lands assigned to jāgiradāras (cf. M.C. Regmi 1965: 18-19).
kharadāra / kharidāra	[fr. P.] var. kharīdāra, ṣaridāra; n. secretary, official scribe, office superintendent (cf. Kumar 1967: 166).
kheta	[fr. S. kṣetra] var. khet, kheṭ; n. 1) irrigated land in the hill region suitable for the cultivation of rice and wheat. 2) a measure of land in the hill region equal to 25 ropanīs or 100 murīs (ca. 1.25 hectares) (M.C. Regmi 1999: 136-137 ; cf. M.C. Regmi 1999: 234 ; M.C. Regmi 1978: 162 ; M.C. Regmi 1978: 227 ; M.C. Regmi 1978: 860 ; M.C. Regmi 1995: 77; Adhikari 1984: 351; M.R. Pant 2002: 133; Whelpton 1991: 284 ).
khoriyā	var. khorīyā; n. cleared forest land, which has not been ploughed yet.
kubhiṇḍo	var. kubīṃḍo, kubhīḍo; n. ash gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), eatable and typically used in the context of blood sacrifice.
kumāle / kumhāla / kumhāle	[fr. S. kumbhakāra] var. kuhmāla, kumāla; n. 1) a potter (Turner 1931: s. v. kumāle); 2) name of an group of potters living close to the mājhī, danuvāra and darāi but "speaking a distinct Tibeto-Burman tongue" (see Bista 1996: 140). According to Höfer (2004: 9) they are classified in the Mulukī Ain as "Enslavable Alcohol-Drinkers".
lahãgā	n. women's lower garment, long skirt worn by women or as part of traditional dance outfits.
lālamohara	var. lālmohara, lālamohar, lālmohora; abbreviated mohara; n. royal document bearing the red seal.
mahasūla	var. mahasula; n. 1.) a certain type of tax on land levied on certain categories of birtā lands or guṭhī endowments (M.C. Regmi 1978: 862 ). 2) “Public income from any source“ (Adhikari 1984: 353 ).
mājhī	var. mājhi; n. an ethnic group of the inner Terai whose traditional main occupation is boat building and river transportation service; ferryman or fisherman (M.C. Regmi 1999: 137).
mānā	n. a volumetric unit equivalent to 0.568 litres, or 1/8 of a pāthi.
mārphat / mārphata	var. marphaṭ, mārphaṭa; “through (the person of)“ (Pant and Pierce 1989: 93).
maryo aputālī / moroaputālī	var. maryo aputāli, moroaputāli; also aputālī; n. escheatable property (on a discussion of the term, see Fezas 1986).
māsā	var. māśā; n. a measure of weight, equaling 1/10th or 1/12th of a tolā according to Rāma Śāha's edict (MA-KM 2022: 695) or 1/12th of a tolā in other sources (McGregor 1993 sv. māśā).
muhūrta	[S.] var. muhurta; n. a division of time equivalent to 48 minutes; the 30th part of a day.
muri / murī	n. 1) also khetamuri; unit of land measurement in the hill region, comprising 1/4 ropanī with 100 muris in 1 kheta. The area varied according to the grade: 1190 sq. ft. for lands of the best grade, and 1339 sq. ft., 1487 sq. ft., and 1785 sq. ft. for lands of inferior grades. 2) volumetric unit comprising 20 pāthis (with 8 mānas to a pāthi), equivalent to 90.919 (M.R. Pant 2002: 134 ) or 87.23 (Pant and Pierce 1989: 93) liters. (M.C. Regmi 1978: 163; M.C. Regmi 1999: 235 ; M.C. Regmi 1978a: 228 ; M.C. Regmi 1978b: 862 ; Adhikari 1984: 354; M.C. Regmi 1988: 269).
nagarā	var. nagārā; n. large kettledrum played with two sticks, traditionally in ritual and military contexts (Tingey 1997: 96 n. 12), lead instrument of the nagarā bānā musical ensemble.
nagarā bānā	n. Damāī̃ musical ensemble of nine instruments led by the nagarā drum (Tingey 1997: 100).
nakṣatra	[S.] n. sector of the ecliptic reckoned as lunar mansion, of which there are 27 (or 28), and one of the calendric parameters of the pañcāṅga.
pachyaurā	var. pachaurā; n. kerchief for covering the head.
paisā	n. 1) money. 2) in the early Śāha period: monetary unit, one-fourth of an ānā, consisting of four dāmas with 64 paisās in 1 rūpaiyā̃. 3) in the Rāṇā period: monetary unit with 100 paisās in 1 rūpaiyā̃.
pala	n. measure of weight, equaling 4 karṣas.
pāna	[S.] n. 1) betel leaf. 2) preparation from areca nut and spices rolled in a betel leaf, typically chewn after eating. 3) drink.
pāthī	var. pāthi; n. 1) a volumetric unit equivalent to 4.546 litres comprising of 8 mānās with 20 pāthīs in one muri. 2) a container for grains having a volume of one pāthī.
paṭukā	n. piece of cloth wrapped around the waist, girdle.
prasāda	[S.] n. offering material blessed by a deity or reverend being.
pūjā	[S.] var. pujā; n. 1) worship, honour. 2) formal worship ritual of a revered being with offerings.
pūjārī / pūjāhārī	var. pujārī, pujāhārī; n. person formally appointed to conduct the worship (pūjā) of a deity and therewith earning one's livelyhood, temple priest.
rāja aṅka	n. generic term for taxes levied on occasions of royal rituals and others that went directly to the royal palace, including cumāvana, goḍadhuvā, godāna, gādīmubārakha, and phattemubāraka (M.R. Pant 2002: 135; M.C. Regmi 1970 (No. 9): 225; M.C. Regmi 1978: 864).
raktacandana	[S.] var. raktacaṃdhana; n. red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.).
saṃkalpa	[S.] n. ritual declaration, ritual commitment.
saṃnyāsī / sannyāsī	[fr. S. saṃnyāsin-] var. saṃnyāsi; n. renouncer, specif. a member of the Daśanāmī order.
saubhāgyasāmāna	n. lit. "material of maritial felicity"; set of items used in worship and associated with the married non-widowed woman, including items such as a mirror (ainā), comb (kā̃giyā), a beauty box (baṭṭā), gājala, sindūra, necklace (pote), bangles (curā) and red ribbons (dhāgo or dori); also saubhāgyadravya.
sāune phāgu	var. sāunya phāgu, sāunyā phāgu, sāunya phāghu; n. a homestead levy (valaka) collected in the hill districts, including Kathmandu Valley, during the months of Śrāvaṇa and Phālguna every year (cf. M.C. Regmi 1971: 230; M.R. Pant 2002: 136). According to M.C. Regmi (1995: 27-28) it originally served the supply of foodstuff to the royal household, and was converted into a cash payment in 1807. Normal households had to pay half the amount of landowners and local functionaries. The rates were revised in 1813.
sera	n. measure of weight (approx. 933 grams) with one sera comprising 80 tolās
sermā	n. an annual homestead tax collected in cash on pākho land (see e.g. M.C. Regmi 2002: 302).
sindūra	[S.] var. sindura, sīṃdura, sīṃdhura; n. red powder used in rituals and applied to the parting of a married woman.
śrī	[S.] n. word of blessing, can be used as apprecatio, in which case it means 'good fortune' (Pant and Pierce 1989: 12), can be used as a prefix to names of persons and gods, in which case it means 'venerable' or 'glorious' respectively. The number of śrīs used varies, depending on context.
sukā	n. monetary unit worth one fourth of a rupee, i.e. half of a silver mohara, and comprising four ānās; in documents the second of the four usual monetary fractions of the system based on the rupee, usually represented by either the avagraha-shaped sign for zero or one to three daṇḍas.
tapasila	[fr. A.] var. tapasīl, tapasīlā, tapsīl; n. particulars, details; can be a self-sustained document, but is more often appended as a list after the narratio of documents.
ṭhekadāra	var. ṭhekaḍāra, ṭhekādār, ṭhikidār, ṭhekdār; n. contractor. 1) person who holds a ṭheka for the collection of taxes (M.C. Regmi 1988: 270). 2) farmer who rents his land.
thoṅ-līṅ-pim-mā-ko-kāṅ-vāṅ-syān	title conferred by the Chinese emperors upon the Rāṇās, Jaṅga Bahādura being the first such honoree. According to Landon, the title means: t'ung ling ("commander-in-chief") ping ma (lit. "foot and horse", i.e. "of the whole army") kuo ("truly") kan ("valient") wang ("prince") hsien ["title of"], which he translates as "Truly valient prince, Commander-in-chief of the army" (Landon 1928: 247).
thuma	[?] var. thuṃ; n. an administrative subdivision comprising a number of villages in the hills (M.R. Pant 2002: 136). According to M.C. Regmi 2002: 303 the chief of a thuma was a umarāu who "was required to supply fighting men, and perform other functions prescribed by the government from time to time." A subdivision of a tahasila (Kumar 1967: 168).
tithi	[S.] n. lunar day (the increase of the longitudinal angle between the Moon and the Sun by 12°) that lasts between appr. 19 and 26 hours.
tolā	n. a unit of weight and standard measure for gold and silver comprising of 100 or 96 rati, 10 or 12 māsās and being 1/80th of a sera; the actual weight differed according to place and time, as weight of the Bombay or Sicca Rupee between 11.599–11.642; as standardised in 1833 in British India as 180 troy grains (11.663 8038 grams).
toraṇa / torana	var. toraṇ, toran; n. 1) (ornamented) arched gateway. 2) festoon of flowers, leaves and colored cloth hung over gates and on walls on festive occasions.
valaka	n. homestead levies collected in the hill districts (including Kathmandu Valley), i.e. a) sāune phāgu valaka, collected annually in Śrāvaṇa and Phālguna, b) harṣabismātako valaka, collected on occasions of national celebration or mourning, and c) kājakalyāṇako valaka, collected on ritual occasions (M.R. Pant 2002: 136, based on M.C. Regmi 1971: 230).
yoga	[S.] n. division of time based on "the sum of the ecliptical longitudes of the sun and moon, arranged in 27 segments of 13°20 Min each, parallel to but not identical with the nakṣatras" (Gansten 2018) and one of the calendric parameters of the pañcāṅga.

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