A lālamohara of King Rājendra establishing a guṭhi for the feeding of rice pudding to Paśupatinātha (VS 1885)
ID: DNA_0013_0025
Edited by
Astrid Zotter
in collaboration with
Simon Cubelic, Rajan Khatiwoda and Christof Zotter
Created: 2014-06-26;
Last modified: 2018-11-28
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Abstract
This lālamohara of King Rājendra establishes a trust (guṭhi) to finance the daily (nitya) feeding of rice pudding (pāyasa) to Paśupatinātha.
Diplomatic edition
[1r]
1श्रीदुर्गासहाये\1श्रीपशुपतीज्यू2१1श्रीतलेज्यू
2२[Royal seal]1स्वस्तिश्रीगिरिराजचक्रचुडामणिनरनारायणेत्यादिविविधविरुदावलीविराजमानोन्नतश्रीमन्महाराजाधिराजश्रीश्रीश्रीमहाराजराजेन्द्रविक्रमसाहवहादुरसम्सेरजङ्गदेवानांस
2दासमरविजयिनाम्¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
3आगे¯ ¯ ¯ ¯१¯ ¯ ¯ ¯लाईनित्यपायसभोगलाउनाकेसम्वत्१८८५सालमितिपौषशुदि८रोज२मकरसंक्रांतिकादिनहाम्रावाहुलिवाटसंकल्पगरिगुठिराषिचर्हायाकोभादगाउकाअ
4म्वलमध्येवलाकोषेतमुरि।२६तस्कोसाधपूर्वकलाचोषोलाकोडिलसाधलुहकिल•दक्षिणप्रजाकोसुनाषेतकोआलिसाधलुहकिल्पश्चिमवाटाकोडिलसाधलुहकिल•
5उत्तररैकरषेतकोआलिसाधलुहकिल•औवलाकोषेतमुरि।३६तस्कोसाधपूर्वकुलाकोडिलसाधलुहकिल•दक्षिण•उत्तरप्रजाकोसुनाषेतकोआलिसाधलुहकील•पश्चि
6मवाटाकोडिलसाधलुहकिल•औलुकुष्वाषेतमुरि।१४तस्कोसाधपूर्वउत्तर¯ ¯ ¯२¯ ¯ ¯कागुठिषेतकोआलिसाधलुहकिल•दक्षिणरैकरषेतकोआलिसाधलुहकिलपश्चि•
7मवाटोकोडिलसाधलुहकिल•औइसिंडोलषेतमुरि।२०तस्कोसाधपूर्वदक्षिणपश्चिमप्रजाकासुनाषेतकोआलिसाधलुहकिल्उत्तरवाटाकाकुलाकोडिलसाधलुहकि
8ल•औभुतिषेतमुरि।४तस्कोसाधपूर्वदक्षिणपश्चिमप्रजाकासुनाषेतकोआलिसाधलुहकिल•उत्तररैकरषेतकोआलिसाधलुहकिल•येतिसिमानाभित्रवाटो
9कुलोवाहेकज्माषेत१।तस्कोसर्वांकमाफगुठिकोमोहरगरिचर्हायाकोमोहरताम्वापत्रगरिचर्हाञ्यू•योगुठिषेतकापैदावारलेतपसिलमालेष्यावमोजीमकास
10राजामलेनित्यभोगलाइहाम्रोजयवृद्धिमनाउनु•येसकामकोअषत्यारि¯ ¯ ¯ ¯१¯ ¯ ¯ ¯कामुलपुजाहारिलाइवक्स्यौंभांवकोकिफायतरसेषरह्याको¯ ¯ ¯१¯ ¯ ¯काभंडार
11माजकिराराषनु•असिनालेषादाकिरालेकाट्यामारनरोपियामाजकिराकाआमदनिवाटभोगकोकामचलाउनुयोगुठिसंकल्पहुदासंकल्पवाक्यपर्हन्यापुरोहि
12तयदुनाथपंडितअर्ज्यालपानिहालन्याश्रीजनरलभीमसेनथापासाधलाउन्यासधियारमोदनाथअर्ज्यालमेघनाथपाडेव्राह्मणटोलकोअमितसिंडगोल
13वोवाहाटोलकोदानपतिविन्नरसिंडगोलधंनारान्मोहिनाइक्यालक्ष्मिनारान्मोहिनाइक्याभाजुनारान्वहिदारटुसालवाटआयाकोभिमसिनढलपामहिमा•
14नकार्किमोहिलोहकर्मिगजेन्द्रहनुमन्तसिंदेउपाटनकाभडारनाइक्याधिन्नारान्सिवनारानभिन्देउविसेट्कोटवालतेजपूजाहाराभट्टवाटआयाकोधन्ना
15रान्अडैविन्नरसिंमेजरव्रह्मापाध्या¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
16तपसिल्
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18पैदावारज्मामोहररुपैया¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯११८।।।०
19चावलमुरि२६।५दरपाथि६काहिसावलेरुपैया८७।।•गहुमुरि७।१०दर्पाथि८केरुपैया१८।।।घिउषानिरुपैया¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯१२।।०
20¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
21तेमद्धेषर्चनित्येपायसकासराजामकेरोजिन्नामसिनाचावलमाना१केआनाऽ/दुदकुरुवा४केआना।०घिउचिनीगरिछोहारावदाम
22गैर्हमसालाकेआनाऽ/दारुवाकेआनाऽ।।ज्मापैसाआना।//।।०केमहिना१कारुपैया१२///ताकेवर्ष१केचाहिन्याज्मापैसारुपैया
23१४६।०तस्कोमोहररुपैया¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯११७
24वाकी¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯१।।।०
25गुठिवाटकिल्लाभंदाअर्घ्यालोनचापनुकिल्लावमोजिमकाजगामाकसैलेषिचलानगर्नुजोएसवंधेजमारहैनसोएसश्लोकमाभन्याकोपातकिहोलास्वदताँ
26परदत्ताम्वायोहरेद्वैवसुंधराम्षष्टिवर्षसहश्राणिविष्टायांजाएतेक्रिमिः॥इतिसंवत्१८८५सालमितिचैत्रवदि६रोज५शुभम्¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Synopsis
With this lālamohara King Rājendra donates land for establishing a trust (guṭhi) for the daily (nitya) feeding of rice pudding (pāyasa) to Paśupatinātha. First, the document refers to the corresponding ritual commitment (saṃkalpa) made by the king on the occasion of Makarasaṃkrānti on Monday, the 8th of the bright fortnight of Pauṣa in VS 1885 (1829 CE). The fields stipulated are found in the district (ambala) of Bhaktapur (text: Bhādagāu). The five different plots are described in terms of their size, location and borders. Excluding paths and water-ways, the fields measuring 26, 36, 14, 20, and 4 khetamuris respectively, amount to an area of 1 kheta.
It is further specified that the guṭhi is exempt from all levies (sarvāṅkamāpha), and with its income it is to carry out the daily feeding (nityabhoga) with the ingredients (sarājāma) specified in the particulars (tapasila). Paśupatinātha’s main priest (text: mulapujāhāri) is authorized for this task. The surplus is to be kept at the deity’s treasure house (bhaṇḍāra) and to be used whenever the fields do not yield sufficient income.
The document names the persons involved in the ritual commitment (saṃkalpa) made on the occasion of Makarasaṃkrānti, i.e. purohita Yadunātha Paṇḍita Arjyāla1 as reciter of the saṃkalpa formula, General Bhīmasena Thāpā as the pourer of water. Moreover, the persons to demarcate the borders (sādha lāunyā sadhiyāra) are listed: Modanātha Arjyāla, Meghanātha Pāḍe, (from Brāhmaṇa Ṭola) Amitasiṃ Ḍagola, as the dānapatis2 Vinnarasiṃ Ḍagola from Vobāhā Ṭola and Dhaṃnārān; the mohināikyās Lakṣminārān and Bhājunārān; the bahidāra Bhimasina from the land registry office (ṭusāla); the ḍhalapā Mahimāna Kārki; the mohilohakarmis3 Gajendra and Hanumanta Siṃ; from Deopāṭana the bhaḍāranāikyās Dhinnārān and Sivanārān, and Bhindeu biseṭ, the koṭavāla Tej, [the representative?] of the Bhaṭṭa priests (pūjāhāra bhaṭṭabāṭa āyako) Dhannārān, the aḍaiVinnarasiṃ and Major Brahmā Pādhyā.
According to the tapasila, the expected produce (paidāvāra) amounts to 118 mohararupaiyā̃s, 2 sukās, comprising 87 mohararupaiyā̃s, 2 sukās from paddy (cāvala), 18 mohararupaiyā̃s, 3 sukās from wheat (gahu) and 12 mohararupaiyā̃s, 2 sukās from ghee. The expenses (kharca) for the ingredients for the rice pudding tot up to 117 mohararupaiyā̃s, 3 sukās per year (equivalent to 146 | paisā rupaiyā̃ per year, that is 12 /// paisā rupaiyā̃ per month). The annual remainder (bākī) is thus calculated to be 1 mohararupaiyā̃, 3 sukās.
The document closes with the usual phrases threatening those who do not abide by the regulations fixed. It is dated VS 1885 (1829 CE), Thursday, the 6th of the dark fortnight of Caitra.
Commentary
A lālamohara with the same text has been published by G. Ṭaṇḍana (1999: 450–451). It seems that for the royal deed two identical lālamoharas were issued. According to the details given by Ṭaṇḍana, the one used by him (displaying line breaks differing from those in the present document) is kept in the custody of Paśupatinātha's main priest. Ṭaṇḍana's transcription gives the year of issue as 1881 and dates the ritual commitment to that year’s Makarasaṃkrānti. This almost certainly must be a reading mistake. In VS 1881 the lunar date quoted for Makarasaṃkrānti in the document, the 8th of the bright fortnight of Pauṣa, fell on 28 December, which is much earlier than the day of the sun’s passage into Capricorn. In VS 1885, by contrast, the 8th of the bright half of Pauṣa fell on 12 January 1829 CE. Makarasaṃkrānti of the same year occurred on 11 January at 21:08.4 The day of issue (6th of the dark fortnight of Caitra VS 1885) corresponds to Thursday, 26 March 1829. Thus the year VS 1885 fits the calendric details given in the document.
Ṭaṇḍana (1999: 468) has also edited a follow-up lālamohara issued on the 11th of the dark fortnight of Pauṣa VS 1888. Its topic is the guṭhi and the fields referred to in the present document. It says that one of the fields was affected by a river (kholā). The location of the field, measuring 26 khetamuris, is called Balākhu. This is most probably identical with the Balāko of the present document and presumably refers to the quarter of Bhaktapur called Balakhu.
The people present to demarcate the borders (sādha lāunyā sadhiyāra) come from different categories. The first two, one Arjyāla, one Pāḍe, probably represent the tharaghara, then follow representatives of the locality, the tenants and the ṭusāla office responsible for land measurement, and persons belonging to the Paśupatinātha temple. Future research into similar documents could elucidate the extent to which a standard procedure was being followed, as seems to have been the case. At least Edwards remarks on the Tusal Dhansar office: "If the transfer (of land) be by Govt. grant, then the Dongools must measure the land under superintendence of the Thar Ghars… The bahidars are Jaisis and form a class of professional and official registrars whose operations used to be universal and compulsory whence all litigation at law was staid. But now registry is optional and neglected. The Red Seal on the deed of sale is said to be indispensable still, but not the agency of this special class of Registrars" (Edwards 1975: 114).